ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka nohona kolone ma Oaxaca mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka Viceroyalty; Eia nō naʻe, he mau ʻano ponoʻī kona, ma muli o ka lāhui a me ka ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia mai kona kumu.
Ma loko o ke kenekulia 16, ua hoʻomau ka mau ʻohana ʻōiwi kahiko i kekahi waiwai a me ka nohona kanaka. akā ʻo ka lei aliʻi e ka liʻiliʻi, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kona mana ma luna o nā hui kaiaulu like ʻole. I nā kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku me ka ʻumikumamāwalu, ʻike wale ʻia ka hanohano ʻōiwi i nā hana haipule, e like me kēia manawa, a hala kekahi mau lā.
Ma waho o nā ʻōiwi a me nā Paniolo, ua kupu mai nā hui mestizos a me criollos; a ma nā kahakai wale nō i noho ka poʻe o ke kala. Eia nō naʻe, ka lehulehu Sepania - peninsular a me Creole - ʻaʻole nui loa ma ka mokuʻāina; a aneane pili mau i ke kapikala a me nā kaona nui e like me Tehuantepec a i ʻole Villa Alta.
ʻO ka lawelawe pilikino a nā ʻōiwi e hāʻawi ai i ka Halepule, nā encomenderos, a me ke kalaunu, ua maʻa mau ia i nā kenekulia 16. Ma hope, ua lilo ka hacienda i mea hana a hoʻohana i ia ʻāpana, me ka hana a nā mina, i kākoʻo ai i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kolone. ʻO ka poʻe ʻōiwi ka mea nui i hana i ka mokuʻāina, i loko o kēlā mau kenekulia kolone.
ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai Oaxacan, mai kona kumu, hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hana o ka ʻāina: ka mahiʻai a me ka mining, ʻo ka mea nui. Mai ka mua o kēia mau hana, pono e hoʻokalakupua i ka mahi ʻana o ka ʻulaʻula, keu hoʻi ma ka wahi Mixteca, a me ka siliki a me ka pulupulu. ʻO ka cochineal (cocus cacti) kahi pepeke hemiptere e noho ana i nā nopales (dactylinpius cacti), ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia i ka pauka, hana i kahi pena ʻulaʻula i hoʻohana ʻia e kala i nā mea ulana lole; Ua mahalo nui ʻia kēia tincture i nā aupuni Hispanic.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala a me ka cochineal (Nocheztli) i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai ʻē aʻe e like me ka mahiʻai a me nā holoholona, akā ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea āpau a lākou i ulu ai i kahi ʻoihana kūloko a kūwaho hoʻi. Ua hōʻea nā huahana mai Oaxaca (paʻakai, lole, ʻili, indigo) ma Puebla, Mekiko, Querétaro a me Zacatecas. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, aia ia hoʻokele waiwai i nā hanana a me nā fluctuations, i hana ʻia e nā pōʻino kūlohelohe - nā maloʻo, nā ʻino, nā ʻōlaʻi a me nā kaiāulu - a me nā hana koi i kau ʻia e nā luna pule.
Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai o Oaxaca e ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau huahana no ka hoʻohana kūloko; ʻo kahi laʻana ceramic, keu hoʻi i nā kaona ma nā awāwa waena (Atzompa, Coyotepec) a me nā sarape huluhulu ma nā wahi o Tlaxiaco (Mixteca Alta) a me Villa Alta; ʻO kēia keʻena hope loa i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kahi kaona: San Juan de la Lana. ʻOiai ke kāohi koʻikoʻi ʻoihana, ua hōʻea pū nā huahana ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAsia i Oaxaca ma o nā awa o Huatulco a me Tehuantepec.
