He wehewehe pōkole kēia o nā hana nui ʻelua no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pepa i ka kenekulia 16: ʻo kekahi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka hana o ka hana pepa, a ʻo kekahi i ke kaʻina hana o ka pepa ponoʻī. mea maka.
He wehewehe pōkole kēia o nā hana nui ʻelua no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pepa i ka kenekulia 16: ʻo kekahi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka mīkini papermaking, a ʻo kekahi i ke kaʻina hana o ka pepa ponoʻī. mea maka.
ʻO ka Culhuacán Paper Mill nā lā mai ka 16th kenekulia a he ʻāpana ia o ka ensemble kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka San Juan Evangelista Convent a me ka ʻōlelo Seminary.
Aia kēia kūkulu ma Av. Tláhuac, ma ka hikina o Mexico City, ma Cerrada 16 de Septiembre, ma ke kaiāulu kaulana o Culhuacán.
He mea nui kēia wili pepa e hoʻokō i ka ʻeuanelio a nā kauoha mendicant i mālama ʻia i loko o kēia kaona i ka kenekulia 16. Mālama kēia hana i ke kauoha Augustinian, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka makahiki 1530 ka Seminary of Languages o San Juan Evangelista.
ʻO ke kumu nui e aʻo aku i nā ʻInia i ka hoʻomana Karistiano, a no kēia mea he mea pono e loaʻa nā kula a me nā seminaries, ʻo ia ka haipule nāna e mālama i kēia hana nui. ʻO ia ʻano hana e pono ai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā puke (missals, salamo, catechism, a pēlā aku) e pono ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻomana hou no nā ʻōiwi, a no nā Sepania e aʻo iā Nahuatl.
Ua pena ʻia nā puke mua e like me nā codice, ma nā pepa amate, e pili ana i ka hana maʻamau a nā kamaʻāina; Akā ua koi kēia hana i nā pepa he nui, me ka hoʻohui o ka hoʻoponopono viceregal hou i mea nui e loaʻa nā pepa e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻEulopa.
Ua hoʻomaopopo koke ka poʻe Augustinians i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi o ka ʻenehana ʻike lākou he hiki iā lākou ke holo i kahi wili e hana ai i ka pepa e pono ai no kā lākou hana. No laila, i ka 1580 ua hoʻokau lākou i kēia wili pepa, kūkulu ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hale ʻume ma kahi a lākou e hoʻohana ai i kahi wailele a me kahi puna e hoʻoneʻe ai i kahi huila, kahi i ʻike ʻia he huila wai.
ʻO kēia huila (kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā ʻōiwi ma ke ʻano o ka huki ʻana) aia i waenakonu he axis ākea ma ka hopena o nā kāmela ʻelua i hāpai aʻe i kahi mallet lāʻau me nā kui ma nā wēlau, nona ka hana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpā i ka pala me ke kōkua o ka wai.
ʻO kēia ʻano maʻalahi he mea kōkua nui i ʻAmelika a ua loaʻa koke he mau noi he nui.
Ua hele mai ka ikehu neaa mai kahi wailele a mai kahi punawai kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kēia mea wili e hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻeli eli archaeological i hana ʻia ma 1982, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ʻo kēia hana mua o ka hoʻolālā koloneialia ka hopena o ka noi. o ka ʻike a hiki i ka manawa i helu ʻia i ke kahua o ka mīkini a me ka ʻenehana ma ka ʻāina kahiko.
I loaʻa ka mana nui ma luna o ka nui o ka wai e pono ai e neʻe i ka huila, kūkulu ʻia kahi kahawai kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ʻīpuka, kahi i kau ʻia i kekahi mau mika ma mua o ia mea, hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele o ka ikaika e pono ai e hōʻeleu a kū hoʻi i ke kaʻina hana. o "wili".
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai e loaʻa ai ka ikehu, pono nō ia no ke kaʻina o ka haki ʻana i nā ʻāpana kahiko - nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia e hana pepa -, i lawe ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā paila a hiki i ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana i pulp maikaʻi loa, e nā ka hana a ka poʻe piha, a no ke kaʻina hana o ka "fermentation" o nā ʻāpana.
I ka manawa i loaʻa ai kahi paʻi homogeneous, hāʻawi ʻia i nā mōlina me nā grids e kānana i ka nui o ka wai. Ma hope o kēia hana, ua hemo ka punahelu pepa, ua kaomi ʻia e huki i ka makū a pau a hoʻomoʻo ʻia i nā kaula lole. Ke hoʻomaloʻo, hoʻomāliu ʻia a polohi ʻia lākou me nā pōhaku, e like me ka pōhaku, a i ʻole me nā mea kuni lāʻau, mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, hamo ʻia me kahi kiʻekiʻe. Akā, pāpā ʻia kēia hana, ʻoiai ke kākau ʻana ma ka ʻili o ka momona, ʻaʻole maloʻo a holo wale paha ka ʻīnika.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 295 / Kepakemapa 2001
