Mayan historiography: ka mana o nā huaʻōlelo i kākau ʻia

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Hana ʻia ma ka pepa amate a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili i mālama ʻia o nā holoholona e like me dia, hana nā Mayans i nā codice ʻokoʻa kahi i hoʻopaʻa ai lākou i ko lākou manaʻo o ka mōʻaukala, nā akua a me ke ao.

ʻO Chilam Balam, ka Fortune Teller-Jaguar, i hānau ʻia ma ke kaona o ʻO Chumayel, nāna i aʻo pono i ke kākau ʻana o ka poʻe lanakila Sepania, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i kekahi lā e hoʻololi i kēlā palapala hou i manaʻo ʻia he pono e mālama ʻia mai kēlā hoʻoilina nui o kona mau kūpuna i loko o nā codcode.

No laila ua heluhelu mākou i kāna puke i kāhea ʻia ʻO Chilam Balam mai Chumayel: "ʻO kēia ka hoʻomanaʻo o nā mea i hana ʻia a me nā mea a lākou i hana ai. Pau nā mea āpau. ʻLelo lākou i kā lākou ʻōlelo ponoʻī a no laila ʻaʻole paha maopopo i nā mea āpau i ke ʻano; akā, pololei, e like me nā mea āpau i hana ʻia, no laila ua kākau ʻia. E wehewehe hou ʻia nā mea āpau. A malia ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole ia. ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea āpau i kākau ʻia. ʻAʻole nui nā mea i kākau ʻia ma muli o kā lākou kumakaia a me kā lākou pili. Pēlā ka poʻe o nā akua Itzáes, no laila nā mea o ka nui Itzamal, nā mea o ka Aké nui, nā poʻe o ka Uxmal nui, pēlā nō nā Ichcaansihó nui. No laila ʻo nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Couohs kekahi ... ʻOiaʻiʻo nō ka nui o kāna mau kāne 'ʻoiaʻiʻo'. ʻAʻole kūʻai aku i nā kumakaia i makemake lākou e hui pū kekahi me kekahi; akā ʻaʻole nā ​​mea āpau i loko o kēia e nānā, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka nui e wehewehe. ʻO ka poʻe ʻike mai ka moʻokūʻauhau nui o mākou, nā kāne Maya. E ʻike ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ka mea ma aneʻi ke heluhelu lākou ia. A laila lākou e ʻike ai a laila e wehewehe lākou a laila e maopopo nā hōʻailona pouli o nā Katū. No ka mea, ʻo lākou nā kāhuna. Pau nā kāhuna, akā ʻo ko lākou inoa, kahiko e like me lākou, ʻaʻole i pau ”.

A he mau kāne alakaʻi ʻē aʻe, i nā kaona like ʻole ma ka wahi Maya, hana like me Chilam Balam, e hāʻawi ana iā mākou i ka hoʻoilina mōʻaukala waiwai e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i kēlā mau kūpuna nui o kā mākou.

Pehea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā ʻike kapu o nā kumu? Pehea e ola ai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā kūpuna hanauna i mea e lilo ai kā lākou hana i kumu hoʻohālikelike a me ke ala i mua no nā pua o ka moʻokūʻauhau? Pehea e waiho ai i ka hōʻike e pili ana i nā ʻike me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​ka nānā ʻana i nā hōkū, nā hanana lani kūikawā, e like me ka eclipses a me nā comets?

ʻO kēia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana, i kākoʻo ʻia e ko lākou ʻike kuʻuna, alakaʻi i ka poʻe Mayan, i mau kenekulia he nui ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka Paniolo, e hoʻomohala i ka ʻōnaehana kākau holomua loa ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo abstract. He kākau leo ​​a moʻomeheu ia i ka manawa like, ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo i kēlā me kēia hōʻailona a i ʻole glyph hiki ke hōʻike i kahi mea a i ʻole kahi manaʻo, a i ʻole e hōʻike phonetically, e kona kani, kahi syllable ma loko o ka huaʻōlelo. ʻO ka glyphs ua hoʻohana ʻia me ka waiwai syllabic i nā ʻano hanana like ʻole e hōʻike ai i nā manaʻo like ʻole. ʻO kahi glyph nui, me nā prefes a me nā hope, i hana i kahi huaʻōlelo; ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi paukū nui (kumuhana-verb-object). I kēia lā ʻike mākou i ka ʻike o nā kahakaha Maya i calendrical, astronomical, haipule a me ka mōʻaukala, akā ke hoʻomau nei ke kākau ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka honua, e ʻimi nei i kahi kī e hiki ke heluhelu pono iā ia.

Ma nā kūlanakauhale Maya, keu hoʻi ma ka wahi waena o ka wā Kikolika, ʻike mākou i nā mea i hōʻike mua ʻia o ka Buke a Chilam Balam de Chumayel: nā puke moʻolelo kūikawā i kākau ʻia i loko pōhaku, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma stucco, pena ʻia ma ka ; ʻaʻole pili nā puke moʻolelo i nā hanana āpau o kahi kaiāulu, akā nā hanana o nā kūʻauhau aliʻi. ʻO ka hānau ʻana, ke komo ʻana i ka mana, ka male ʻana, nā kaua a me ka make ʻana o nā mōʻī i hoʻoilina ʻia i nā hanauna, e hoʻomaopopo ana iā mākou i ka mea nui i hana ʻia e nā hana a ke kanaka no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana, a laila hōʻike ʻia ke alo o kahi ʻike mōʻaukala hohonu i waena o ka Maya. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kanaka, me nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hana a nā lula aliʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia ma nā wahi lehulehu i nā kūlanakauhale, e like me nā square, e hōʻike i ke kaiāulu i ke ʻano hoʻohālike o nā haku nui.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ka poʻe lanakila Sepania i nā ʻano palapala like ʻole i ke ola o ka lehulehu nā codices mōʻaukala, nā puke i pena ʻia ma nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o ka pepa amate i pelu ʻia i ke ʻano o ka pale, i luku ʻia e nā poʻe pule i ko lākou ʻiʻini e hoʻopau i ka mea a lākou i kapa ai he "hoʻomana kiʻi", ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomana o nā hui Maya. ʻEkolu wale nō o kēia mau codice i mālama ʻia, i lawe ʻia i ʻEulopa i nā manawa kolone a ua kapa ʻia nā inoa ma hope o nā kūlanakauhale kahi i loaʻa ai lākou i kēia lā: ka ʻO Dresden, ka Palisa a ʻo ka Madrid.

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Video: Maya writing (Kepakemapa 2024).