Mai kona kumu, ʻike ke kanaka i ka pono e hana hou i kāna ʻike i ka honua; no kēia kumu ua pani ʻo ia i kona kaiapuni ma nā paia pōhaku nui i nā ana a i waho paha, a hōʻike iā ia iho i ke kālai pōhaku maʻalahi
ʻO kēia mau hōʻike kiʻi noʻeau, nā pena kiʻi o ke ana a me nā kiʻi pohaku, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hoʻoilina moʻomeheu mua, kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai koʻikoʻi o ka ʻike no ka ʻike o nā kaiāulu kahi a mākou i palapala ʻole ai.
Ma Mesoamerica, ua loaʻa kahi infinity o nā anthropomorphic figurine i hana ʻia me ka pālolo i ka wā Formative (2 300 BC-100 AD), keu hoʻi ma waena o Mekiko. Hoʻopili kēia wā i kahi kaʻina lōʻihi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā loea i Lower, Middle and Upper, ma muli o nā ʻano moʻomeheu e ʻike ʻia i loko o lākou. ʻOiai ua loaʻa nā ʻāpana o nā kāne ʻelua, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e kahakaha i ka lokomaikaʻi a me nā mea ʻono o ke kino wahine; Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o lākou i nā mahi mahiʻai, ua pili nā poʻe ʻepekema iā lākou me ka momona o ka ʻāina.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻāpana kahiko loa ma Mesoamerica (2300 BC), i loaʻa hou ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tlapacoya, ʻo Zohapilco, ma ka loko o Lake Chalco, he wahine pū kekahi, me ke ʻano o ka paukū paukū liʻiliʻi a me kahi ʻōpū puʻupuʻu iki. Ma muli o ka hōʻike ʻole o kahi lole a me nā kāhiko ʻana, hōʻike akāka lākou i ko lākou ʻano moekolohe.
ʻO nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi me nā hiʻohiʻona kanaka i ʻike ʻia i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana penei: e kā lākou hana hana, kā lākou ʻano mea hoʻonaninani, ka pāpaʻi i hana ʻia ai lākou, nā helehelena a me ke ʻano o ke kino, ka ʻikepili. pono ia e hoʻokō i nā anamanaʻo hoʻohālikelike o ka manawa a me kona pilina me nā moʻomeheu like.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau figurine, ʻoiai lākou he ʻāpana o kahi stereotype, hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona i kū hoʻokahi i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he hana maoli noʻeau. I loko o kēia mau "wahine nani", e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, kū ka wahine voluptuous me kahi pūhaka liʻiliʻi, pūhaka ākea, nā wāwae puʻupuʻu a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa, ʻo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona āpau o kāna hiʻohiʻona nani. He olohelohe nā ʻāpana wahine; komo i nā bele a i ʻole nā bele lole wāwae i hana ʻia i ka hua, akā hōʻike mau ʻia ke kino. I ka wā e pili ana i ka lauoho lauoho, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano nui: hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā kakaka, nā pale poʻo a me nā pakanehe.
I nā figurine pālolo, ʻaʻole hiki ke mahalo ʻia inā hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka peʻa iā lākou iho a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka scar scar; Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe nīnau no ka helehelena a me ke pena ʻana o ke kino i kaʻawale ʻole i kāna kāhiko ʻana. Ua hoʻonani ʻia kona alo a me kona kino me nā kaula a me nā laina keʻokeʻo, melemele, ʻulaʻula a me ʻeleʻele. Ua pena nā wahine i ko lākou ʻūhā me nā hoʻolālā geometric, nā pōʻai concentric, a me nā wahi i kaha ʻia; He mau nō hoʻi kā lākou no ka pena ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o ke kino, e waiho ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻole, ma ke ʻano he hoʻohālikelike. Hōʻike kēia mau kino i ka hoʻoneʻe i ke neʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ke ala manuahi loa i nā mea hula, nā mea e hōʻike ana i ka lokomaikaʻi, nani a me nā ʻano ʻono o nā wahine.
Me ke kanalua ʻole, ua pili kēia mau hana i nā hana kuʻuna o ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā hanana kūlohelohe, kahi i alakaʻi ʻia ai ke mele a me ka hulahula, a he hōʻike ia o ko lākou hūnā i ka honua.
ʻOiai ma kahi pālākiō liʻiliʻi, ua hana pū ʻia ka figurine kāne, kokoke i nā manawa āpau me ka maxtlatl a i ʻole ka truss a i kekahi mau manawa me nā lole elaborate, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻano nude. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kekahi mau olonā no ka hana ʻana i ko lākou lole, a ʻike pū mākou ua hoʻonani ʻia ia me nā hoʻolālā nani a me nā peʻa i nā kala like ʻole; Pēlā nō, hiki nō paha iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā ʻili o nā holoholona like ʻole e uhi iā lākou iho. ʻO ke kū ʻana o kēia mau ʻāpana he mea nui e wehewehe i ka hana ʻana o nā loli i ka hui kaiaulu o kēia manawa, ʻoiai ke loaʻa nui nei nā kāne i nā mea nui i nā kaiaulu kaiaulu. ʻo kahi laʻana o kēia mau shamans, nā kāne ʻike i nā mea huna o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nona ka mana e waiho ana i ko lākou inter Mediation ma waena o ke kanaka a me nā mana Supernatural. Ua noho pelekikena kēia poʻe i nā hana kaiāulu a i kekahi manawa ua komo nā pale maka me nā ʻano o ka totem e hoʻoulu ai i ka makaʻu a me ka mana, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me ka ʻuhane a lākou i kū ai a loaʻa ko lākou mana a me ko lākou ʻano ma o ka pale maka.
ʻO nā figurine me nā helehelena masked i ʻike ʻia he nani loa ia, a ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ka mea e kau i ka pale maka o ka opossum, kahi holoholona i ʻano nui ka haipule. Kūleʻa nā hōʻike a ka poʻe hoʻowahāwahā; kahi hiʻohiʻona i kahi kiʻi maikaʻi loa o kahi acrobat i hana ʻia o kaolin, pālolo keʻokeʻo maikaʻi loa, aia ma Tlatilco i kahi kanu kanu ʻia e kahi shaman. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea hoʻokani pila, nā mea e hoʻokalakupua ʻia e kā lākou mau mea kani: pahu, ʻāheu, ʻāwī a me nā ʻohe, a me nā poʻe kino kino a helehelena hoʻi. ʻO Dualitas, kahi kumuhana i kū aʻe i kēia manawa, nona ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka manaʻo o ke ola a me ka make a i ʻole dimorphism moekolohe, i hōʻike ʻia i nā kiʻi me nā poʻo ʻelua a i ʻole kahi alo me nā maka ʻekolu. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea pāʻani kinipōpō e ko lākou ʻūhā, alo, a me nā mea pale lima, a no ka mea ke hāpai nei lākou i kahi pōpō pālolo liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nani o ke kino i hōʻea i kāna hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa me ka deanation cranial i manaʻo ʻia - hōʻailona ʻaʻole wale no ka nani akā ke kūlana - a me ka loli ʻana o nā niho. ʻO ke deformation cranial i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā manawa pre-ceramic. a ua hana ʻia i waena o nā lālā o ke kaiāulu. Mai nā hebedoma mua o ka hānau ʻana, i ka wā e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā iwi, hoʻonoho ʻia ka pēpē i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o nā poʻo poʻo e paʻi i kona iwi poʻo, me ka manaʻo e hāʻawi i kahi kinona hou. Ua noho ke keiki pēlā no nā makahiki he nui a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kekelē i makemake ʻia o ka deformation.
Ua nīnau ʻia e hōʻike ana ka deformation cranial i nā figurine, no ka mea o nā ʻāpana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka lima; Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia hana moʻomeheu mai nā hōʻike o ka nui o nā iwi iwi i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻeli, kahi e mahalo ʻia ai kēia hoʻololi. ʻO kekahi kikoʻī nui i loko o kēia mau ʻāpana nā pepeiao pepeiao, nā apo ihu, nā lei, nā pectoral a me nā kūpeʻe lima ma ke ʻano o kā lākou estetika. Hiki ke nānā ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā moʻomeheu Mesoamerican i nā kanu kanu, ʻoiai ua kau ʻia kēia mau mea pilikino i ka poʻe make.
Ma o nā figurine hiki ke aʻo hou e pili ana i nā pilina ma waena o kekahi moʻomeheu a me kekahi moʻomeheu, no ka laʻana, ka mana o ka honua Olmec ma ke koena o nā moʻomeheu Mesoamerican, ma o ka hoʻololi moʻomeheu, ka mea e hoʻoikaika i ka wā waena o Formative. (1200-600 BC).
Me ka loli o ka hui kaiaulu i kahi kaiāulu stratified nui - kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka hana kūikawā a kū mai kahi caste kahuna - a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kikowaena kikowaena ma ke ʻano he wahi no ke kūkaʻi manaʻo a me nā huahana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka manaʻo o nā figurine a me kāna hana. Ua hana kēia i ka hopena Formative i hala (600 BC-AD 100), a ua hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻenehana hana a me ke ʻano noʻeau o nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi, i hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻoʻoleʻa me ka ʻole o ka lokomaikaʻi o nā mea i hala. .
