Ke nānā mākou no ka moku ʻo Abra-Tanchipa ma ka palapala ʻāina, ʻike mākou i kahi kiko ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Valles a me Tamuín, ma ka hikina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí.
No laila, hoʻolālā mākou e kipa aku i kahi o nā puʻu ʻōpio loa o ka ʻāina. I ka wā ma mua he noho ia o nā mea noho Huastec a i kēia lā ke noho manuahi nei ia i nā wahi kanaka, ʻoiai ma kona wahi o ka mana he ʻumikūmālima mau ejidos nona ka poʻe e hoʻolaʻa nei i ka mahi holoholona a me nā mahi mahiʻai ua, me nā hua o ke kulina, nā pī, ka puaʻakai, sorghum, nā soybeans a me kō kō.
ʻO ia kahi o nā waihona biosfir ākea liʻiliʻi loa, me ka ʻāpana o 21,464 hectares o nā kaiāulu, nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa. ʻAneʻane 80 pākēneka o ka ʻāina ka ʻāpana nui, i hoʻokau ʻia no nā hana noiʻi ʻepekema. Noho ia i ka ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo Sierra Tanchipa, me nā kaiaolaola ʻokoʻa a me nā mea biotic a me nā abiotic e hana i kekahi o nā redoubts o nā pua a me nā holoholona, me nā ʻano Neotropical, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina.
Ma waho aʻe o ka lilo ʻana i ʻāpana o ka Sierra Madre oriental, he mea nui ia no nā kūlana aniau āpana, no ka mea, hana ia me he pale meteorological ma waena o ke kahakai kahakai o ke awawa a me ka altiplano. Maʻaneʻi, e anuanu ka piʻina o ke kai pulu i ka pā ʻana i ka ʻāina, a hoʻopili ka wai a hua mai ka ua nui.
Wela ke aniau i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki. Hoʻololi iki ka mahana, a avereka i 24.5 ° C i kēlā me kēia mahina. Kū pinepine ka ua i ke kauwela, a ʻo ka ua maʻamau o 1070 mm o ka makahiki e hōʻike ana i kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka hoʻouka hou ʻana i ka papa wai no ka wahi o ka mana a me nā kumu wai o ka ʻāina. Aia ʻeono mau kino paʻa wai, e like me La Lajilla, Los Venados, nā pā wai Del Mante, a me ka loko wai ʻo Los Pato; he mau kino wai kūlohelohe, ʻelua mau kahawai a me kahi kahawai, kahi e mālama ai i ka pōʻai wai o ia wahi, e hoʻokūpaʻa i nā mea kanu a makemake i nā ʻōnaehana hydrological ʻelua: ke kahawai o Pánuco, Valles a me Tamuín (Choy), a me ke kahawai ʻO Guayalejo, ka mea koho o ka muliwai ʻo Tantoán.
TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL VESTIGES
Hoʻopaʻa ka papa helu waihona mua i nā ʻano 300 ma waena o nā mea kanu vascular a me nā limu wai hou; me nā mea ʻaneʻane pau, e like me ka Brahea dulcis palm, ka pāma Chamaedorea radicalis, ka Encyclia cochleata orchid, ka Dioon eduley chamal a me ka Beaucarnea inermis soyate i nui. Hiki i nā lāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 m a hana i ka ululāʻau semi-perennial medium, ʻaʻole nui, a hōʻike wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, kahi e kāwili ʻia ai me ka nahele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi e nā ʻōpala a me nā wahi hānai, no ka mea noho ia i nā ʻāina kahawai i ka hikina o ka hoʻāhu.
ʻO kekahi ʻano mea ulu ka nahele haʻahaʻa e nalowale hapa ana i kona lau i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki; Noho ia i nā lepo calcareous maikaʻi ʻole a kāwili ʻia me ka nahele waena, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma waena o 300 a 700 m asl. Ma nā papu nui o ka ʻākau komohana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka flora kumu e nā mea ulu lua a me nā ulu lāʻau o Sabal mexicana, i loaʻa mai i ka ululāʻau haʻahaʻa a hoʻoulu ʻia e nā ahi pinepine.
I ke kula komohana, strata shrubby strata a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā lau nahele e noho aliʻi. ʻO kahi paʻa kanu kūikawā ʻo ia ka tropical holm oak Quercus oleoides, i kūlike i kahi flora kaʻawale i nā wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka sierra. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ma ke kahakai kahakai o ke kahawai ʻo Mexico, mai ka nahele ulu ulu o ka Huasteca Potosina a i Chiapas. ʻO kēia nā ululāʻau fossil i waiho i nā koena o nā mea kanu, kahi manawa nui e pili ana i nā aniau me ke anuanu mai nā manawa o ka makahiki hau i hala (ma waena o 80,000 a 18,000 BC).
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka mahana i ka wā o ka glaciation i alakaʻi ʻia i ke alo o kēia mau holm ʻoka ma nā kula ākea o ke kahakai ʻo Gulf, ʻo ia kahi laʻana o nā kaiaolaola palupalu i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me nā mea pakele o nā manawa anuanu.
E pili ana i nā holoholona kūloko, ua komo nā moʻolelo ma mua o 50 mau ʻano o nā māmela, i waena o lākou nā felines e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e make, e like me ka jaguar Panthera onca, ka marlin Felis wiedii, ka ocelot Felis pardalis a me ka puma Felis concolor. Aia kekahi mau holoholona o ka hoihoi holoholona, e like me ka puaʻa hihiu Tayassu tajacu, ke dia keʻokeʻo Odocoileus virginianus a me ka lāpaki Sylvilagus floridanus, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka avifauna ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau noho a me nā mea neʻe, a ʻo nā manu pale ʻia e kū i waho e like me ka parrot "ʻulaʻula" ʻo Amazona fallalis, ka calandrias Icterus gulariseI. cucullatus, a me nā chincho Mimus polyglottos. Ma waena o nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians, ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia: ʻo ka nahesa boa constrictor, i manaʻo ʻia no ka make ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea kolo nui loa. A ʻo nā invertebrates, aia ma mua o 100 mau ʻohana me nā ʻano haneli he hapa haneli.
Pili ka mālama i ka moʻomeheu a me ka anthropological, no ka mea he ākea ka nui o nā wahi noho kanaka o ka moʻomeheu Huasteca. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pūnaewele archaeological 17, e like me Cerro Alto, Vista Hermosa, Tampacuala, El Peñón Tanchipa a, ka mea kaulana loa, ʻo La Hondurada, kahi kikowaena hanana nui. Aia kahi waihona he hapalua o nā ana i ʻimi ʻia a liʻiliʻi, a kū i waho ʻo Corinto, no ka nui, a me Tanchipa, ʻo nā mea i koe ʻo El Ciruelo a me Los Monos, a me nā lua i helu ʻole ʻia me nā petroglyphs a i nā pōhaku kālai ʻia.
KA CAVE TANCHIPA, KAHI NĀ MEA PILIKIA ME NĀ HUNA Hunahuna
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo e kipa aku i kahi mālama me nā ala he nui, akā ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa, me ke kanalua ʻole, e hele i ke ana ʻo Tanchipa. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui me Pedro Medellín, Gilberto Torres, Germán Zamora, ke alakaʻi a me aʻu iho. Hoʻomoʻa mākou iā mākou iho me kahi panana, meaʻai, machete, a ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua liters o ka wai o kēlā me kēia, no ka mea ma kēia wahi he kakaʻikahi ia.
Ua haʻalele mua mākou iā Ciudad Valles, e hoʻomau i ke ala nui a hiki i Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ma hope o nā pā ākea o ka pae mauna liʻiliʻi e hana ana i kahi mālama a, i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahiʻai ʻo Laguna del Mante, ma ka mile 37, e hōʻike ana kahi hōʻailona: "Puente del Tigre". Ua lohi mākou no ka mea he 300 m ma mua, ma ka ʻākau, hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana i ʻeono kilomita o ke alanui lepo e alakaʻi i ka waiwai "Las Yeguas" kahi i haʻalele ai mākou i ka kaʻa huila ʻehā. Mai kēia wahi, ʻike mākou i kahi āpau i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu lau nahele, ma muli o ka disuse a, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau acacias ʻo Gavia sp, kahi e pua ana e hoʻonani i ke ala, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Paso de las Gavias". No kahi mamao loa ua hele pū mākou me nā mea kanu lua, lawe ʻia mai nā wahi hānai kahiko a kiko ʻia me ka palma aliʻi Mekiko ʻo Sabal, a hiki i kahi e koi ai ka pali i kahi e piʻi aʻe ai. Ma laila mākou i manaʻo ai ua loli ke kaiapuni; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu a ʻo nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o chaca Bursera simarubay ʻulaʻula Cedrela adorata, hiki i 20 m ke kiʻekiʻe.
Ua piʻi mākou i kahi ala i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā mea kanu a mākou i ʻike ai ma ke ʻano he kāhiko i nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina, e like me mocoque Pseudobombax ellipticum, cacalosúchilPlumeria rubra, palmillaChamaedorea radicalis, pitaYucca treculeana, chamalDioon edule, a me soyateBeaucarnea inermis. He ʻano laha lākou ma aneʻi i loko o ko lākou wahi maoli, kahi a lākou e aʻa ai ma waena o nā māwae a me nā pōhaku kalapona nui e hoʻohana pono ai i ka lepo liʻiliʻi. I kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu e hōʻalo mākou i nā lianas, nā kākalaioa a me nā royates nui, me ko lākou mau kumu ākea, e like me nā wāwae elepani a lanakila i aneane ka pae mauna I waenakonu o nā mea kanu, ma kahi o ʻewalu mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻumeʻume ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka "rajador" paʻakikī, ka "palo de leche" (hoʻohana ʻia i ka iʻa enciela), ka chaca, ka tepeguaje a me ka lāʻau fiku, me uhi ʻia nā pahu i nā orchids, bromeliads a me nā ferns. Ma lalo o nā lau, nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi e like me guapilla, nopal, jacube, chamal a me palmilla e hoʻopiha i nā wahi. Ma waena o nā flora i ʻike ʻia he 50 mau ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau kuʻuna, kūkulu, hoʻonaninani a me nā meaʻai.
Ua luhi mākou i ka hele wāwae no ka mea no ʻekolu mau hola ua huakaʻi mākou i ka huakaʻi he 10 km a hiki i ka piko o ke kuahiwi, mai kahi a mākou e mahalo ai i kahi ʻāpana nui o kahi mālama. ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻomau hou, akā he mau kilomita, ma waena o ke āpau like, hiki mākou i nā mea kanu o nā lāʻau ʻoka tropical a me nā wahi ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Komo mākou i ke ana ʻo Tanchipa, nona ka pōʻeleʻele a me ke anuanu ʻokoʻa me ke ʻano o waho. Ma ka puka komo, ʻauʻau wale kahi kukui uila a wehewehe i kāna ʻōnaehana, i hana ʻia e nā paia o nā aniani kalina a uhi ʻia e nā papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka limu. ʻO ka hollow ma kahi o 50 m ākea a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 m ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka waihona ipu hāpau, kahi e kau ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he haneli i loko o nā āpau ma waena o nā stalactites a, i ka lepo lepo, hele aku kahi ʻoka ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika ka hohonu i ka pouli. mau māwae.
ʻAʻole pōpō ke ana. Loaʻa ka mea hoihoi loa ma ka papahele o lalo, kahi e hoʻomaha ai ke koena o ke kanaka makua, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai nā iwi i ahu ʻia i hoʻokahi kihi. Ma kahi kokoke, kū mai kahi puka huinahā, ka huahana o kahi hale kupapaʻu i hao wale ʻia e mālama wale ai i nā pōhaku elongated muliwai i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina mamao e uhi i nā koena o ke ʻano ʻē. Ua haʻi mai kekahi poʻe kamaʻāina kūloko iā mākou, mai kēia ana, ua lawe ʻia nā iwi iwi ʻehiku me nā iwi poʻo ʻehiku, ma waena o 30 a 40 knm, me kahi pū ma waena o ko lākou ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke ana, aia ma ka piko o ke kuahiwi, kahi ʻāpana o kahi kaumaha ma mua o 50 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ka lalo i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu momona o platanillo, avocado, lāʻau fiku; lau nahele a me nā lianas ʻokoʻa mai nā wahi o waho. Ma ka hema o kēia pūnaewele ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ana o Korinto a ʻoi aku ka nani o ka nānā ʻana a hūnā i nā mea huna i hūnā ʻia i loko o kāna wahi nui. Ma ka ʻaina awakea hoʻohana mākou i kekahi o nā lua ma ka pae honua, kahi e hiki ai ke noho i ka pō a i ʻole ka pale mai ka ua.
ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻi ʻana, a ʻoiai he huakaʻi huakaʻi nui ia, ʻike mākou i kēia pae mauna, i kūkala ʻia he Reserve Biosfir ma Iune 6, 1994, he mea nui iotic, like ʻole ke ʻano o nā koena archaeological i ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā kaiāulu kanu mālama pono ʻia, puʻuhonua kūlohelohe no ka ʻāina kau ʻāina.
