Ma ke kahakai komohana o Mekiko, mai ka hema o Sonora a i ka palena ʻo Chiapas me Guatemala, hiki ke ʻike i kahi ʻano like loa, e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki kahi e nānā ʻia ai, e hele a hauʻoli paha a neoneo loa paha.
ʻO ia ka nahele ulu haʻahaʻa, kekahi o nā kaiaolaola ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa hoʻi e kū nei i ko mākou ʻāina. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ma kēia ʻano no ka mea he "haʻahaʻa" kona kiʻekiʻe awelika (ma kahi o 15 m.) I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ululāʻau ʻē aʻe, a no ka mea ma kahi o ʻehiku mau mahina e mau ai ke kau maloʻo, ka hapa nui o kāna mau lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kau (nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a aneane ʻole ka hone o ke aniau), nalowale loa lākou i kā lākou lau (deciduous = lau e pau ana), waiho wale nā "koʻokoʻo maloʻo" ma ke ʻano he ʻāina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i nā mahina ua e ulu ana ka ululāʻau i kahi loli holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea, pane koke nā mea kanu i nā kulu mua, e uhi ana iā lākou iho me nā lau hou e lawe i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ikaika i ka ʻāina ʻoiai kahi wai.
ʻO Landskap i ka hoʻololi mau
I ka makahiki 1988 ka UNAM a me ka Ecological Foundation o Cuixmala, A.C., i hoʻomaka i ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kapakai hema o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Jalisco i ʻae iā lākou e noi pono i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mālama i mea e pale aku ai i ka nahele haʻahaʻa deciduous. No laila, ma Kēkēmapa 30, 1993, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, e pale aku i kahi o 13,142 hectares, no ka hapa nui, ua uhi ʻia e kēia ʻano ulu lāʻau. Aia ma kahi o ka hapalua a hapa iki paha ma waena o Manzanillo, Colima, a me Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, kahi ākea kēia wahi ākea i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu mai ke kapakai a hiki i ka piko o nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia ʻāina; ʻo ke kahawai Chamela a me ka muliwai Cuitzmala e hōʻailona i kona palena ʻākau a me ka hema.
ʻO kona aniau he tropical, me ka awelika o 25 ° C a me kahi ua ma waena o 750 a me 1,000 mm o ka ua. ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni makahiki i kēia mālama a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina kahi e puʻunaue ʻia ai ka ululāʻau haʻahaʻa, hele ma waena o ka nui o ke kau ua a me kahi lahilahi loa i ka wā o ka maloʻo; Eia hou, ua ʻae ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻololi i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, e ola ma aneʻi, ua hoʻololi i ko lākou helehelena, hana a me nā physiology.
I ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa, hoʻomaka ka wā maloʻo. I kēia manawa uhi mau ʻia nā mea kanu me nā lau; Holo ka wai i loko o nā kahawai āpau, a piha nā loko wai a me nā loko i hana i ka wā ua.
Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, aia wale nō ma ka muliwai Cuitzmala - ke kahawai paʻa wale nō i ka mālama - hiki ke loaʻa i ka wai no nā mile he nui a puni; ʻoiai, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona kahe i kēia manawa, i kekahi manawa e lilo ana i ke ʻano o nā loko wai liʻiliʻi. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, hoʻomaka ka lau o ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu e hoʻomaloʻo a hāʻule, e uhi ana i ka lepo me kahi kapeta, e like me ka paradoxically, e ʻae ai i ko lākou aʻa e mālama i ka hou no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.
I kēia manawa kaumaha a kaumaha ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ululāʻau, e hōʻike ana i ka aneane ʻole o ke ola i loko o ka ʻāina; Eia nō naʻe, kahaha paha ke nānā aku, ke kahe ke ola ma kēia wahi, no ka mea i nā hola o ke kakahiaka a i ka auwina lā e hoʻonui nā holoholona i kā lākou hana. Ma ke ala like, ʻo nā mea kanu, i ka maka mua ke nānā aku ua make, ke hoʻomohala nei i kā lākou metabolism i kahi ala liʻiliʻi "maopopo", ma o nā kumumanaʻo a lākou i hoʻohana ai i loko o nā makahiki he mau tausani o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoʻoleʻa o kēia wahi.
Ma waena o Iune a me Nowemapa, i ke kau ua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka helehelena o ka nahele i ka exuberance holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ke kū mau o ka wai e ʻae i nā mea kanu āpau e uhi ʻia me nā lau hou. I kēia manawa hoʻonui nā ʻano holoholona he nui i kā lākou hana i ka lā.
Akā i kēia mālama, ʻaʻole wale ka nahele deciduous haʻahaʻa e noho nei, akā ʻehiku mau ʻano mea kanu i ʻike ʻia: ka nahele sub-evergreen ulu lāʻau, ka mangrove, ka xerophilous scrub, ka lāʻau pāma, ka moʻo ʻohe, ka manzanillera a me nā mea kanu riparian; He mea nui kēia mau wahi no ke ola o nā holoholona he nui i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki.
Puʻuhonua no nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona
Mahalo i kēia heterogeneity kaiapuni, a he mea kupaianaha paha me he mea lā no kahi ʻāina me nā ʻano koʻikoʻi loa, ʻano ʻokoʻa ka flora a me nā holoholona i hiki ke loaʻa ma ka Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve. Eia 72 mau ʻano māmela i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, 27 o lākou wale nō Mekiko (endemik); 270 ʻano manu (36 hopena); 66 nā mea kolo (32 endemik) a me 19 amphibians (10 endemik), me ka hoʻohui i ka nui o nā invertebrates, ʻo ka hapanui nā insect. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke ola ʻana ma kahi o 1,200 mau ʻano mea kanu, a ʻo kahi pākēneka kiʻekiʻe he endemik.
ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea kanu a me nā holoholona he ʻano maʻamau ia o ka ʻāina, e like me ka hihia o nā kumulāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo "primroses" (Tabebuia donell-smithi), i ka wā o ka lā maloʻo - ke pua lākou i ka ʻāina maloʻo me nā palapū o ka melemele, ke ʻano. o kona mau pua. ʻO nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe ka iguanero (Caesalpinia eriostachys), ka cuastecomate (Crescentia alata) a me ka papelillo (Jatropha sp.). Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ka mea mua no ka mea e ulu ana kāna kumu, e hana ana i nā māwae nui i loko o kāna ʻili, i lilo i puʻuhonua e nā iguanas a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopuka ka cuastecomate ma kāna kumu i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui a pōpoki paʻakikī loa.
E pili ana i nā holoholona, ʻo Chamela-Cuixmala kahi wahi nui loa, ʻoiai ua lilo ia i "puʻuhonua" no nā ʻano mea he nui i nalowale mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe a i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia paha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka crocodile muliwai (Crocodilus acutus), ʻo ia ka mea kolo nui ma Mekiko (hiki ke ana ʻia a 5 m ka lōʻihi) a, ma muli o ka ʻino nui i hoʻokau ʻia iā ia (e hoʻohana hewa i kona ʻili i hulu) a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o kona wahi noho, ua nalowale mai ka hapa nui o nā kahawai a me nā loko iʻa o ke kapakai komohana o ka ʻāina, kahi i nui ai i ka manawa.
ʻO nā mea kolo i kū i ke koʻo ka "scorpion" a i ʻole ka moʻo beaded (Heloderma horridum), kekahi o nā moʻo ʻelua ʻino i ka honua; ka liana (Oxybelis aeneus), he nahesa lahilahi loa e huikau wale me nā lālā maloʻo; ʻo nā iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Iguana iguana) a me ka ʻeleʻele (Ctenosaura pectinata), ka boa (Boa constrictor), ka tropical tapayaxin a i ʻole chameleon wahaheʻe (Phrynosoma asio) a me nā ʻano moʻo ʻē aʻe o nā moʻo, nā moʻo a me nā kuhukukū; ʻO nā mea hope loa, aia he ʻekolu mauʻano kaiāulu a ʻelima mau manu kuhukukū i hānau ʻia ma nā kahakai o ka mālama.
Me nā mea kolo, he nui nā ʻano o nā rana a me nā toads e hana i ka herpetofauna o Chamela-Cuixmala, ʻoiai i ka wā maloʻo ka hapanui o nā ʻano i hūnā ʻia ma waena o nā mea kanu a kanu ʻia paha, e hoʻāʻo ana e pakele i nā wela kiʻekiʻe o ka lā a ka nele o ka wai. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau amphibians he ʻano maʻamau o ka ululāʻau i ka wā ua, ke puka lākou i waho o ko lākou mau hale noho e hoʻohana pono i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai e hoʻohua a hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua i loko o nā loko iʻa a me nā kahawai, kahi e lohe ʻia ai kā lākou mau mele aloha "lehulehu" i ka pō. Pēlā ka hihia o ka frog "duck-billed" (Triprion spatulatus), kahi ʻano endemeke e puʻuhonua i waena o nā lau rosette o bromeliads ("epiphytic" mau mea ulu e ulu ana ma nā kumu a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe); He poʻo pālahalaha ko kēia rana a me kahi lehelehe lōʻihi, e hāʻawi iā ia - e like me ka inoa o ka inoa - kahi "duck" hiʻohiʻona. Hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i ka toad kai (Bufo marinus), ka mea nui ma Mexico; ʻo ka rana pālahalaha (Pternohyla fodiens), nā ʻano like ʻole o nā rana lāʻau a me ka rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Pachymedusa dacnicolor), kahi ʻano endemikā o ko mākou ʻāina a i kūʻai ʻia kū ʻole ʻia ai ia ma kahi pālākiō nui, ma muli o kona ʻoluʻolu me he "holoholona"
ʻO nā manu ka hui lehulehu o nā vertebrates i loko o kahi mālama, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano i noho iā ia no kahi manawa a mau paha. Aia i waena o nā mea keu loa ka ibis keʻokeʻo (Eudocimus albus), ka spoonbill roseate (Ajaia ajaja), ka stork ʻAmelika (Mycteria americana), ka chachalacas (Ortalis poliocephala), ka lāʻau ʻulaʻula (Driocopus lineatus), ka coa o trogon melemele (Trogon citreolus) a me ka cowboy guaco (Herpetotheres cachinnans), e inoa i kekahi. He wahi nui ia no nā manu neʻe, i hōʻea i kēlā me kēia hoʻoilo mai nā wahi mamao o Mekiko a me ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada. I kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike i nā manu he nui i ka ululāʻau a me kekahi mau ʻano wai i loko o nā lagoons a me ka muliwai Cuitzmala, i waena o ia mau puaʻa a me nā pelican keʻokeʻo (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos).
E like me ka hihia o nā crocodiles, ua loaʻa kekahi ʻano o nā kākā a me nā parakeets i ka puʻuhonua, kahi i hopu hewa ʻole ʻia ai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina i mea e hoʻolako ai i ka noi āpau a me ka honua no nā "holoholona" ʻē. Ma waena o nā mea i hiki ke loaʻa ma Chamela-Cuixmala ka ʻāpala guayabero (Amazona finschi), hopena i Mekiko, a me ka ʻelemaka poʻo melemele (Amazona oratrix), i ka makaʻu o ka make ma ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka atolero parakeet (Aratinga canicularis) i ka parakeet ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Aratinga holochlora) a me ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma Mekiko: ʻo ka "catarinita" parakeet (Forpus cyanopygius), kahi pū kekahi a me ka makaʻu o ka make ʻana.
ʻO ka hope loa, aia kekahi mau ʻano mammal like ʻole e like me ka coatis a i ʻole nā ʻino (Nasua nasua), i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā hui nui i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka peccary collared (Tayassu tajacu), kahi ʻano puaʻa hihiu e holoholo ana i ka ululāʻau i loko o nā pā, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hola wela ʻole. ʻO nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (Odocoileus virginianus), hoʻomāinoino ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina, nui i Chamela-Cuixmala a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā.
ʻO nā māmela ʻē aʻe, ma muli o kā lākou mau maʻamau a i ʻole kākaʻikahi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana; e like me ka hihia o ka nocturnal "tlacuachín" (Marmosa canescens), ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā marsupial Mexico a me ka hopena o ko mākou ʻāina; ka pygmy skunk (Spilogale pygmaea), pili pū kekahi i Mekiko, ka ʻōpeʻa ʻuhane (Diclidurus albus), kākaʻikahi loa i ko mākou ʻāina a me ka jaguar (Panthera onca), ka feline nui loa ma ʻAmelika, i ka makaʻu o ka make ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ka nā kaiaolaola e noho nei a no ke aha i hoʻokahuli ʻia ai.
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o kēia mālama mālama kekahi o nā mea hiki ke hiki ma kahakai Pākīpika (i kēia manawa wale nō nā kānaka a me nā hui hoʻokaʻawale liʻiliʻi e waiho ana i loko o kāna pae mua) a ʻo ka mea wale nō paha i ʻoluʻolu i ka pale piha.
Mōʻaukala o ka makemake a me ke ahonui
ʻO ka mahalo koke ʻia o ka hapanui o ka poʻe a puni ka nahele deciduous i ʻilihune loa a no kēia kumu ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he "mauna" hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, e hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu kuʻuna a i ʻole nā wahi holoholona no nā holoholona ma kēia mau ʻāina, kahi e hōʻike nei i kahi hana stunted a ephemeral, no ka mea ʻaʻole like me nā mea kanu ʻōiwi, haku ʻia lākou i nā mea kanu i kū ʻole i nā kūlana ʻoi loa e kū nei ma aneʻi. No kēia a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ke luku wikiwiki ʻia nei kēia kaiaolaola.
E ʻike i kēia kūlana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kaiaolaola ʻo Mexico kahi pono nui e hōʻoia i ko mākou ola ponoʻī, ʻo Fundación Ecológica de Cuixmala, A.C., mai kona hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wahi Chamela-Cuixmala.
ʻOiai, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana no ka mea, e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Mekiko kahi i hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻokumu i nā mālama kūlohelohe, ua holo lākou i ke kuhi hewa ʻole ʻana o kekahi o nā kamaʻāina kūloko a me nā makemake waiwai i loaʻa i kēia wahi " i nā hiʻohiʻona "no ka manawa lōʻihi, keu hoʻi no kāna" hoʻomohala "ma o nā mega-pāhana mākaʻikaʻi nui.
Ua lilo ka mālama Chamela-Cuixmala i kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻomanawanui e ukali. Me ke komo ʻana o nā mea nona nā waiwai kahi i loaʻa ai a me nā makana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka Ecological Foundation o Cuixmala, ua hiki ke mālama i ka nānā pono ʻana ma ia wahi. ʻO nā puka komo i nā ala komo i loko o kahi mālama me nā keʻena kiaʻi e holo ana i 24 mau lā i ka lā; Eia kekahi, hana huakaʻi nā kiaʻi i nā lio ma ka lio a i ʻole ke kalaka i loko o kahi mālama i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila ke hoʻonāwaliwali nei i ke komo ʻana o nā mea ʻimi holoholona i ʻimi a hopu pio paha i kēia wahi.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia ma ka waihona Chamela-Cuixmala i ke koʻikoʻi o ia wahi a me ka pono e hoʻonui i kāna mālama ʻana, no laila aia nā hoʻolālā e hiki mai ana e hoʻolōʻihi i kona palena a hoʻāʻo e hoʻohui iā ia, ma o nā alaloa olaola, i kahi mālama hou. kokoke: Manantlán. Minamina, ma kēia ʻāina waiwai biolo nui, nui ka ʻike ʻole i ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā laha a me nā kaiaolaola, kahi e alakaʻi nei i ka nalo wikiwiki ʻana o ka hapa nui o kēia waiwai. ʻO ia ke kumu e mahalo ʻole ʻia a kākoʻo ʻia ai nā hihia e like me Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, me ka manaʻolana e lilo lākou i kumu hoʻohālike e hoʻoulu ai i ka paio o ka poʻe a me nā keʻena e ʻiʻini nei e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka hoʻoilina nui. Mekiko maoli.
Puna: ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Mexico No. 241
