ʻO ka wahi palekana nui loa ma nā ʻāina tropiko ʻo Mekiko ka waihona mālama kai ʻo Calakmul Biosfer, kahi e noho ana ma kahi o 723,185 ha ma ka hema hikina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Campeche.
Hōʻike ka ʻāina i kahi aniau semi-maloʻo, me ka ua i ke kauwela, a ma kahi o ka palena iki o nā mahana he 22 ° C a me ka maximum 30 ° C. He ʻelua mau ʻāpana i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi mālama e hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi wahi buffer ākea; ʻO lākou nā ʻāina kahi e hoʻomalu ʻia ai ʻo 12% o ka nahele kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, waena a haʻahaʻa hoʻi o ka ʻāina, a ʻo nā sabana, nā waikahe a me nā kahawai. Kēia wahi, hooholoia ma May 23, 1989, aia i loko o ke kulanakauhale hou o ka ia inoa, a ma ka hema ia palena Guatemala, i ka mea i kapaia "Petén papu", kahi o ka nui Maya Biosphere Reserve kahi i waiho ai.
ʻO ka nahele kiʻekiʻe, i kūkulu ʻia i nā kumulāʻau nunui e like me ceiba, sapodilla, pich, mahogany a me amates, ma nā wahi nui i kāwili ʻia me nā mea kanu nui o ka nahele waena a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻo chacáh, dzalam, guara, palo de tinte, jícara, nā pāma o chit a nakax, a me nā lianas a me nā mea kanu lau nahele. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻae nā ʻano pālahalaha o ka ʻāina i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wai wai kaulana me nā mea kanu semi-aquatic, e like me nā tulares a me nā moʻo ʻohe; Aia kekahi mau wahi kaʻawale o nā lepo i kapa ʻia ʻo "akalché", hohonu a kahe wai, kahi e hoʻokumu ai i nā kumu wai maikaʻi loa no nā holoholona lōhiu.
Ma muli o ke kūlana maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka uhi mea kanu a me ka lahilahi o nā hana a ke kanaka, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā redoubts nui loa no ka holoholona i hoʻoweliweli ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe; Noho lākou i nā ʻano felines o ʻAmelika tropical e koi ana i nā ʻāina ʻimi holoholona nui e ola, e like me ka jaguar, ka ocelot, ka tigrillo, ka yaguarundi a me ka pōpoki hihiu; mahalo nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i ke alo o nā pūʻali koa nui o ka ʻalalā a me ka moʻo kolo; ma lalo o nā lau nahele e ola ana nā holoholona kaka ʻole, e like me ka tapir, ka anteater, ka dia hakahaka keʻokeʻo, ka puaʻa hihi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka pākeke kīkē ʻia a me ka ʻāpana; ʻoiai e noho ana ka canal vegetal e nā ʻoka a me nā parakeets, nā coas, nā chachalacas a me nā calandrias, a he mau haneli ka nui. ʻO kēia holoholona, ʻano o ka ʻāina neotropical, i nā manawa he nui he ʻano laha ʻole, nā ʻano endemik a me kekahi e weliweli ana i ka make.
ʻO Calakmul, ka mea ma ka ʻōlelo Mayan ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻelua mau puʻu kokoke", kahi pūnaewele i noho nui ʻia i ka wā o Middle Middle Preclassic a me Late Classic (ma waena o 500 BC a 1000 AD). ʻO ke kikowaena kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ka wahi Maya o ka wā Kikika ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 koena archaeological, a no laila ʻo Calakmul i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka waihona nui loa o nā huaʻōlelo dinasti Mayan waiwai, no ka nui o nā stelae, aia kekahi mau mea i mua o nā hale haʻahaʻa a me nā mea e pili ana. Nā pāhoʻonui. Ma loko o ka wahi pale he nui nā kahua archaeological, i waena o nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo El Ramonal, Xpujil, Río Bec, El Hormiguero Oxpemul, Uxul a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea nui o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu, kahi e kū ai ʻo Calakmul no ke kūlanakauhale nui o Maya ma. Mekiko, a ʻo ka lua ma ka moku Maya holoʻokoʻa, ma hope o Tikal.
