Noho ʻo Mixtecos ma ke komohana o ka moku Oaxacan, i ka manawa like a Zapotecs i hana ai ma ke awāwa. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia moʻomeheu.
Mai nā noiʻi archaeological ʻike mākou ua noho ʻo Mixtec noho ma nā wahi e like me Monte Negro a me Etlatongo, a ma Yucuita i ka Mixteca Alta, ma kahi o 1500 BC. a hiki i ka 500 BC
No kēia wā, hoʻokumu ka Mixtecs i ka launa me nā hui ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole wale ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huahana, akā me nā ʻano ʻenehana a me nā hana noʻeau, i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kaila a me nā ʻano i kaʻana like ʻia me nā moʻomeheu i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā wahi a hiki i ke kīʻaha o Mexico. ka wahi o Puebla a me ke awāwa ʻo Oaxaca.
Loaʻa i nā kauhale Mixtec kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i nā hale i hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana nuklea, nona ka hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka mahiʻai. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana no ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā papa a me nā ʻano mea pālolo, a me nā kūkulu ʻana i nā luawai o lalo
ʻO Yucuita kekahi o nā noho Mixtec nui o kēia wā, aia paha ma lalo o Yucuñadahui he 5 km ka mamao. o ka. Aia ia ma ke awāwa ʻo Nochixtlán ma kahi puʻu pālahalaha a elongated a ma ka makahiki 200 BC. ua hiki aku i ka nui heluna kanaka o kekahi mau tausani poʻe.
Ua liʻiliʻi nā kikowaena waena o Mixtec, me ka heluna kānaka ma waena o 500 a 3,000 poʻe. ʻAʻole like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma nā awāwa waena o Oaxaca, ma ka Mixteca ʻaʻohe mea nui o kekahi kūlanakauhale no nā wā lōʻihi e like me ka hihia o Monte Albán, ʻaʻole hoʻi i loaʻa ka nui a me ka nui o ka lehulehu.
NA MEA HANAI O NA HUI HUI
Mālama mau nā kaiāulu Mixtec i ka hoʻokūkū paʻa mau, ʻo kā lākou pili a me nā pilina he manawa pōkole a paʻa ʻole hoʻi, me nā hakakā no ka mana a me ka hanohano. Ua lawelawe pū nā kikowaena kūlanakauhale i ka lehulehu i nā lā mākeke a ma ke ʻano he wahi hālāwai me nā hui kokoke.
ʻO nā paepae nui a me nā pāʻani kinipōpō ka mea i koho ʻia i kēia mau pūnaewele Mixtec. No kēia manawa aia kahi maopopo o ke kākau ʻana ma o nā glyphs a me nā hiʻohiʻona i hana ʻia i ka pōhaku a me ka pālolo, nā kiʻi kikoʻī a me nā wahi, a me nā lā kalena.
E pili ana i ka hui kaiaulu o nā Mixtecs, ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ke kūlana kaiaulu, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hale a me nā mea i loaʻa i loko o lākou, ke ʻano o nā hale kupapaʻu a me kā lākou mōhai i ʻano like ʻole e like me ka pae kaiāulu o kēlā me kēia.
No ke kahua aʻe, a hiki iā mākou ke kāhea i nā haku, nā aliʻi nui a me nā aupuni, ua hui mua ʻia ke kaiāulu i mau hui nui: nā haku a me nā haku nui. nā macehuales a i ʻole comuneros me ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, nā mahiʻai ʻāina ʻole a me nā kauā; ʻAʻole kū kēia hanana i ka Mixteca, like ka hana ma ka hapa nui o ka moku Oaxacan.
I ka Mixteca Alta, ka pūnaewele nui loa no ka wā Postclassic (750 a 1521 AD) ʻo Tilantongo, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Nuu Tnoo Huahui Andehui, Temple of Heaven, ke aupuni o ke alakaʻi kaulana ʻEwalu Deer Jaguar Claw. ʻO nā manors koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe ʻo Yanhuitlán lāua ʻo Apoala.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o kēia pae ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka noʻeau a me ka ʻenehana i hoʻokō ʻia e nā Mixtecs; nā mea pāheona polychrome nani, nā kiʻi obsidian a me nā pono hana i hana ʻia me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā kahakaha i hana ʻia i loko o ka iwi me nā ʻano codex-ʻano, nā kāhiko o ke gula, ke kālā, ka turquoise, ka jade, ka pūpū a me kekahi mea e kū i ke ala nui: nā puke paʻi kiʻi pictographic a i ʻole nā codices o waiwai waiwai a maikaʻi loa hoʻi, ma mua o nā mea a pau, no ka ʻike mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻomana haipule e puka mai ana mai iā lākou mai.
ʻO kēia wā kekahi o ka neʻe helu kanaka nui no nā Mixtecs, ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, i waena o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka Aztec ma kahi o 1250 AD, a me nā hoʻouka kaua a me nā hoʻouka kaua Mekiko i kū i ʻelua mau kenekulia ma hope, pono e ʻōlelo kūikawā. Ua hoʻouka kaua kekahi mau hui Mixtec i ke awāwa ʻo Oaxaca, a ua lanakila ʻo Zaachila, a ua hoʻokumu i kahi aupuni ma Cuilapan
Ua mahele ʻia ka Mixteca i kahi pūnaewele o nā manors i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi e pili ana. Ua hui ʻia kekahi i nā panalāʻau ʻoiai ua kūʻokoʻa kekahi.
Ma waena o nā mea nui loa hiki iā mākou ke haʻi aku iā Coixtlahuaca, Tilantongo, Tlaxiaco a me Tututepec. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manxt o Mixtec he mau aupuni a he keʻena nui ko lākou ma nā kūlanakauhale nui o ia manawa.
Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai lāhui ʻokoʻa, Tututepec ʻO ia ke aupuni mana loa i ka Mixteca de la Costa. Ua hohola ma luna o 200 km. ma kahakai Pākīpika, mai ka mokuʻāina ʻo Guerrero i kēia manawa a hiki i ke awa o Huatulco.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mana ma luna o kekahi mau lāhui e kūlike ʻole ana ka lāhui, e like me ka Amuzgos, ka Mexico a me nā Zapotecs. Ma ke poʻo o kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale kahi cacique i loaʻa ka mana ma ke ʻano he mana kiʻekiʻe loa.
