ʻOiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pena kiʻi Mekiko nui o kēia kenekulia, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia ʻo Zárraga ma Mekiko no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hapa o kona ola ma kahi ʻē - ma kahi o kanahā mau makahiki ma ʻEulopa -, ka hapanui ma Palani.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ángel Zárraga ma ʻAukake 16, 1886 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Durango, a i kona wā ʻōpio ua kākau inoa ʻo ia ma ka San Carlos Academy, kahi i hui ai me Diego Rivera, a ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi aloha aloha nui. ʻO kāna mau kumu aʻo ʻo Santiago Rebull, José María Velasco lāua ʻo Julio Ruelas.
I ka makahiki 18 - i ka makahiki 1904 - ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kona noho ʻana ma Palisa a ua lilo ʻo ia i puʻuhonua i ka hōʻiliʻili kahiko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Louvre, me ka pale ʻana iā ia iho mai ka huikau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka impressionism a me nā ʻano hou, ʻoiai naʻe ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona mahalo no Renoir, Gauguin, Degas. lāua ʻo Cézanne.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia e ʻae nui me nā mea i aʻo ʻia ma ke kula o Fine Arts ma Palisa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka Royal Academy of Brussels, a ma hope noho i Sepania (Toledo, Segovia, Zamarramala a me Illescas), ʻo ia ka mea kū i ke ao hou nona. ʻoi aku ka ikaika ʻole ʻO kāna kumu mua ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻo Joaquín Sorolla, ka mea nāna i kōkua iā ia e lilo i kahi hōʻike hui ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Prado ma Madrid, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻelua o kāna mau hana ʻelima a kūʻai koke ʻia aku.
ʻO 1906 ia, a ma Mekiko ʻo Justo Sierra –secretary of Public Instruction and Fine Arts– loaʻa iā Porfirio Díaz e hāʻawi iā Zárraga 350 francs i hoʻokahi mahina e paipai i kāna mau pena paʻi kiʻi ʻana ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻolālā ka mea pena kiʻi i ʻelua mau makahiki ma Italia (Tuscany a me Umbria) a me nā hōʻike ma Florence a me Venice. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Palisa ma 1911 e hōʻike i kāna hana no ka manawa mua ma Salon dʻAutomne; ʻO kāna mau pena kiʻi ʻelua - La Dádiva a me San Sebastián - he mea nui e ʻike ʻia. No kekahi mau manawa, ua ʻae ʻo Zárraga iā ia iho e hoʻohuli ʻia e Cubism a ma hope ua hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i ka pena ʻana i nā kumuhana haʻuki. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea holo, ke kaulike o ka poʻe hoʻolei discus, ka palakiko o nā ʻauʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, makemake nui ʻo ia.
Ma waena o 1917 a me 1918 ua pena ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻonani no ke keaka ʻo Shakespeare Antony a me Cleopatra, i hana ʻia ma ka hale kiʻi Keaka ʻo Antoine ma Palisa. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻonaninani e like me nā hoʻāʻo mua a ka mea pena e ʻaʻa i ka pena mural.
Ma hope iho, hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i mau makahiki i ka hana ʻana i nā pena mural - fresco a me encaustic - o ka hale aliʻi Vert-Coeur ma Chevreuse, ma kahi kokoke i Versailles, kahi i hoʻonani ai ʻo ia i ke alapiʻi, ka lumi o ka ʻohana, ke alaloa, ka hale waihona puke a me ka haʻi ʻōlelo. I kēia manawa ua kāhea ʻo José Vasconcelos iā ia e komo i ka muralism o Mekiko, e hoʻonaninani ana i nā paia o nā hale lehulehu lehulehu, akā hōʻole ʻo Zárraga no ka mea ʻaʻole i pau kāna hana ma kēlā hale kākela.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomohala i kahi hana mural nui ma Palani.
I ka makahiki 1924, ua hoʻonani ʻo ia i kona hale pule mua, ʻo kā mākou Lede o La Salette ma Suresnes, kokoke i Palisa. No ke kuahu nui a me nā ʻaoʻao, hana ʻo ia i nā mea haku mele nani kahi e hoʻohana ai i kekahi mau kumuwaiwai kūhelu mai Cubism (eia naʻe ua nalowale kēia mau hana)
Ma waena o 1926 a me 1927 ua pena ʻo ia i nā papa he ʻumikūmāwalu o ka Legation Mekiko i ia manawa ma Palisa i kauoha ʻia e ka ʻenekinia ʻo Alberto J. Pani. Hoʻonani kēia mau papa i ka pā i mau mau makahiki, akā ma hope ua kiola maikaʻi ʻia lākou i loko o ke keʻena a i ka wā e loaʻa hou ai ua hewa loa lākou. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, mau makahiki ma hope ua hoʻouna ʻia lākou i Mekiko, kahi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai a hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu. Noho ka hapa nui o lākou i ka ʻāina a hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻelele. Kūkākūkā iki mākou i kēia mau papa ʻehā ma lalo.
ʻAʻole maopopo inā ʻo ka mea kākau naʻauao o nā hana he ʻumikūmāwalu ʻo Zárraga ponoʻī a i ʻole ke kuhina nāna i hoʻokau iā lākou. Hoʻohui like ʻia nā kiʻi pena i ke au noʻeau o kēia manawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo art deco; ʻo ka poʻomanaʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i "ke kumu o Mekiko, nā haunaele kūlohelohe o kona ulu ʻana, kona aloha aloha no Palani a me kona mau makemake no ka hoʻomaikaʻi kūloko a me ka launa āpau."
Aloha kekahi i kekahi. Hōʻike ia i kekahi mau kiʻina kanaka o nā lāhui āpau i hui ʻia a puni ka honua honua-kākoʻo ʻia e nā kiʻi kukuli ʻelua - a noho pū i ka lōkahi. Haipule loa ʻo Zárraga a hoʻāʻo e hōʻike mai ka wā a ka Sermon on the Mount (aneane ʻelua tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei) ua hoʻāʻo ka civili o ke au hou e hoʻopiha i ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka me ka Kalikiano a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa a ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa o pili pono i loko o nā pāʻālua like ʻole, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka pono no nā mākaʻi a me nā kaua ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao politika, nā papa kaiāulu a i ʻole nā poʻe.
ʻO ka palena ʻākau o Mekiko. Ma aneʻi e kaha ʻia ka laina hoʻokaʻawale o nā lāhui ʻelua e noho ana ma ka ʻāina nui a me ka palena ʻākau o Latin America. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao nā cacti a me nā pua o nā tropic, ʻoiai ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe nā hale skyscrapers, nā hale hana a me nā mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia o ka holomua o nā mea hou. ʻO ka wahine ʻōiwi ka hōʻailona o Latin America; ka mea ʻo ka wahine ma kona kua a alo i ke kūkulu ʻākau e pane paha i kahi ʻano hoʻokipa e like me ke ʻano o ka pale.
Ka pepeiaohao o ka nui. ʻO ka waiwai o Mekiko - i makemake nui ʻia a waiwai ʻia e nā mea koʻikoʻi o loko a me nā mea ikaika o waho - he kumu mau ia o nā pilikia kūloko a me waho o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka palapala ʻāina o Mekiko, kāna cornucopia a me kahi kukuna kukui i ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau e lawe ʻia e ka ʻInia, e hōʻike ana ʻo ka waiwai nui o ka ʻāina maoli ka kea o ka poʻe Mexico a me ke kumu o ko lākou ʻehaʻeha.
Ka make ʻana o Cuauhtémoc. ʻO ka Aztec tlacatecuhtli hope loa, Cuauhtémoc e hōʻike ana i ka ikehu a me ka stoicism o ka lāhui India.
Hoʻomau ʻo Zárraga i kāna hana kiʻi i nā wahi like ʻole o Palani, a i ka makahiki 1930 ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea pena kiʻi haole i loaʻa ka nui o nā kauoha e pena i nā paia i kēlā ʻāina.
Ma 1935 ua hoʻohana ʻo Zárraga i ka ʻenehana fresco no ka manawa mua i nā mural o ka Chapel of the Redeemer, ma Guébriante, Haute-Savoie, ʻo kēia mau mea, me kāna ʻoihana akamai, loaʻa iā ia ke koho ʻana i luna no ka Legion of Honor.
Ua haki ke Kaua Honua II a he makahiki paʻakikī loa ka 1940 no ka mea pena kiʻi, akā i ka lā 2 o Iune - ka lā o ka pōkā nui o Paris - Zárraga, hopohopo nui, hoʻomau i ka pena ʻana i nā fresko i ka hale pule o ke Kulanui o Palisa. "ʻAʻole ia no ka wiwo ʻole, akā no kēlā make ʻana i loaʻa iā mākou nā Mekiko."
ʻAʻole kāna hana e hoʻopilikia iā ia mai nā hanana i haʻalulu i ka honua. Ma o Radio Paris alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi papa o nā papahana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka anti-Nazi ma Latin America. ʻOiai ʻo ia kahi mea pena kiʻi i noho mamao aku i nā politika, ʻo Zárraga kahi Katolika haipule, a ma waho o ka pena ʻana ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele, nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo hohonu e pili ana i nā mea noʻeau.
I ka hoʻomaka o 1941, kōkua ʻia e ke aupuni Mekiko, hoʻi ʻo Zárraga i ko mākou ʻāina i ka hui o kāna wahine a me kāna kaikamahine liʻiliʻi. I ka hōʻea ʻana, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike i ke ʻano a me ka hana a ka poʻe muralist ma Mekiko. ʻO ka ʻike hewa o ka mea pena Durango ma muli o kona ʻike ʻole i ka hana ma hope o ke kipi ʻo Mexico. ʻO kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo wale nō i piholo i ka Frenchification a me Europeanism o ka wā Porfirian.
Ma Mekiko, ua noho ʻo ia ma ke kapitala nui, ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi keʻena studio kahi āna i hāʻawi ai i nā papa, pena ʻia i kekahi mau kiʻi a me ke komikina ʻo Mario Pani, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi mural i ka makahiki 1942 i loko o nā lumi o ka Bankers Club o ka hale Guardiola. Koho ka mea pena kiʻi i ka waiwai e like me kāna kumuhana.
Ua hana ʻo ia i fresco ma nā Abbot Laboratories a ma kahi o 1943 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana nui loa ma ka Hale Pule Nui o Monterrey.
Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, ua hana ka mea pena kiʻi i nā fresco ʻehā ma ka Hale Waihona ʻo Mexico: The Will to Build, The Triumph of Understanding, The Human Body and The Imagination, akā ʻo ia wale nō ka mea mua i hoʻopau ai.
Ua make ʻo Ángel Zárraga i ka edema pulmonary i kona makahiki he 60, ma ka lā 22 Kepakemapa 1946. No kēia kumu ua kākau ʻo Salvador Novo i loko o ka Nūhou: "Ua poni ʻia ʻo ia me kahi hanohano ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūlike i kona hiki ʻana mai, ma mua o ka mea āna i hoʻonani ai. ʻO Diego Rivera i ka mua o kāna ... akā i ka lā i hoʻi ai ʻo ia i kona homeland, ua ʻae ke kamaʻāina i ka ʻae ʻia o ka mea, i waena o nā makaʻāinana, e ke kula ʻo Rivera, a me ka pena kiʻi maoli a me ka noʻonoʻo. , na Ángel Zárraga, he mea ʻē, kūʻēʻē ... He mea pena kiʻi Mekiko ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokalakupua ka manaʻo i kahi Saturnino Herrán, he Ramos Martínez, i hoʻopololei a i hoʻomohala ʻia paha i kahi kaukaualiʻi nui aku ... kona ʻāina ".
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai nui o ka ʻike no ka kākau ʻana i kēia ʻatikala mai loko mai: ʻO ke kuko no kahi honua me ka palena ʻole. ʻO Ángel Zárraga ma ka Legation Mekiko ma Palisa, na María Luisa López Vieyra, National Museum of Art, a me Ángel Zárraga. Ma waena o nā haʻi ʻōlelo a me nā lāhui, nā palapala a Elisa García-Barragán, Kuhina o ko nā ʻāina ʻē.
