He ʻehā pae o ka danzón i kona mōʻaukala ma Mekiko: ʻo ka mua, mai kona hōʻea ʻana a hiki i nā manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka hakakā kipi o 1910-1913.
E loaʻa ka hopena o ka lua i ka evolution o ka lekiō a aneane like me nā ʻanuʻu mua o ka wehewehe kiʻi, e pili ana ia me nā ʻano o ka leʻaleʻa hui ma waena o nā makahiki 1913 a me 1933. E pili ana kahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu me nā hāmeʻa hānau. a me nā wahi leʻaleʻa kahi e hana hou ʻia ai nā leo a me nā ala o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka danzón - nā hale hulahula me ka hoʻokani pila -, e kuhikuhi ana iā mākou mai 1935 a 1964, i ka manawa e waiho ai kēia mau keʻena hulahula i ko lākou wahi kūpono i nā wahi hulahula ʻē aʻe. e hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā hulahula a me nā hulahula kaulana. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ha o ka pae o ka lethargy a me ka hānau hou ʻana o nā ʻano kahiko i hoʻohui hou ʻia i mau hulahula lehulehu kaulana - kahi i kū ʻole ai e noho -, e pale aku i ko lākou ola ʻana a, me ia, e hōʻike he mana ko ka danzón hiki ke hana mau.
Ka hope i kahi hulahula ʻaʻole e make
Mai ka wā kahiko, ma muli o ke alo o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei ʻo ʻAmelika, mai ke kenekulia 16 a ma hope, ua hōʻea nā tausani o nā ʻApelika ʻeleʻele i ko mākou ʻāina, koi ʻia e hana nui i nā hana ʻekolu: mining, plantations, and serfdom. . ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kā mākou ʻāina i kēia hanana a, mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaʻina hana hōʻaiʻē a me nā kaʻina transculturation me ka lāhui ʻōiwi, ʻEulopa a me Hikina.
Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka nohona kaiāulu o New Spain, a, i ka ʻōlelo ākea, he ʻāpana alakaʻi alakaʻi Sepania ia, a laila ʻike ʻia nā Creole a me nā ʻano kumuhana i wehewehe ʻole ʻia e kā lākou kamaʻāina kūloko. E hoʻomau koke nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi, a laila nā ʻōiwi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hakakā no ke ola a me nā ʻeleʻele e hakakā ana no nā kūlana hana. I ka hopena o kēia hanana paʻakikī loaʻa iā mākou nā caste.
E noʻonoʻo i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili i kekahi o nā hoʻolauleʻa hui kahi i komo pono ai nā strata āpau, e like me ka Paseo del Pendón, kahi i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ai ka capitulation o nā Aztecs o Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Ma ke alo o ka parade ua hiki mai nā aliʻi a me nā luna pule i ukali ʻia e kahi kolamu e hōʻike ʻia ai nā mea e like me ko lākou kūlana kaiāulu, i ka hoʻomaka a i ʻole ka hopena o ka lālani. I loko o kēia mau leʻaleʻa, ma hope o ka huakaʻi, aia ʻelua hanana i hōʻike i nā kūlana a pau o ka pae kaiāulu, e like me nā bipi kau. Ma kahi elara elemist commemorative sarao, ua hele wale ka gala o ka hui i ka mana.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o nā makahiki o ke au o ke kolone i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi demastic ma waena o "nā aliʻi" a me nā hui kanaka ʻē aʻe, kahi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia a me nā pōpilikia āpau. No kēia kumu, ʻo nā syrup, nā hulahula liʻiliʻi o ka honua a me nā hulahula a nā poʻe ʻeleʻele i hana ai i kekahi manawa i hōʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano he moekolohe, kūʻē i nā kānāwai o ke Akua. No laila, ʻelua mau manaʻo hulahula like ʻole e like me ka papa kaiapili a lākou i lawe ai. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, nā minuette, boleros, polkas a me nā contradanzas i aʻo ʻia a hiki i nā kula hulahula i hoʻoponopono pono ʻia e Viceroy Bucareli a ma hope ua pāpā ʻia e Marquina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hauʻoli ka poʻe me ka déligo, ka zampalo, ka guineo, ka zarabullí, ka pataletilla, ka mariona, ka avilipiuti, ka folia a ma luna o nā mea āpau, ke pili i ka hulahula ʻana, ka zarabanda, ka jacarandina a, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ka pīhoihoi.
Ua ʻae ka National Independence neʻe i ke kūlike a me ke kūʻokoʻa o nā hui kanaka; Eia nō naʻe, ua mau ka ikaika a me nā alakaʻi haipule a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawehala ʻia.
ʻO nā moʻolelo a kēlā mea kākau nui a me ka mea lawelawe, ʻo Don Guillermo Prieto, i waiho ai iā mākou o ka manawa, e noʻonoʻo ai i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kū mai i kā mākou moʻomeheu, ʻoiai nā loli ʻenehana i hiki ke helu ʻia i aneane 150 mau makahiki.
Ua hoʻololi iki ʻia ka nohona kaiāulu a ʻoiai ua nalowale nā halepule i nā wahi o ka mana hoʻokele waiwai i ka wā o ke Reformation, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻōki i ka mālama ʻana i kāna moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, ka mea i hoʻokō i ka hoʻoikaika.
ʻO ke kaʻina o kēlā me kēia a me nā kaʻina hana i hōʻike ʻia ma aneʻi e nā lele a me nā palena he mea nui ia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ala o ka poʻe Mekiko e wehewehe i nā hulahula kinipōpō hīnaʻi. ʻO nā moʻokūʻauhau like, ma nā latitu ʻē aʻe, he mau manaʻo ʻokoʻa. Ma aneʻi e ʻike hou ai ka pāʻina o ka nohona Mekiko i nā loli o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma ka hōʻike ʻana i kā lākou ʻono i ka hulahula.
ʻO kēia paha ke kī o ke kumu "stoic" ʻo ka poʻe Mekiko ke hula mākou.
Hōʻike ka danzón me ka walaʻau ʻole
Inā mākou i ʻōlelo i ka wā o Porfiriato -1876 a 1911- ʻaʻole i loli nā mea ma Mekiko, e hōʻike ana mākou i kahi wahaheʻe nui, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻenehana, moʻomeheu a me nā kaiāulu i kēia manawa. Maliʻa paha ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻenehana me ka impetus ʻoi aku ka nui a ua hoʻopili iki lākou i nā loina a me nā kuʻuna a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i ke kaiāulu. I mea e hoʻāʻo ai i ko mākou mahalo, e lawe mākou i nā mele a me kāna mau hana. Kuhi mākou i ka hulahula a San Agustín de Ias Cuevas i kēia lā ʻo Tlalpan, ma ke ʻano he laʻana o kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i loko o ʻeiwa haneli ma ka Country Club a i ʻole ʻo Tivoli deI Elíseo. ʻO ka hui o ka orchestral o kēia mau pāʻina i hana ʻia me nā aho a me ka wahie, ʻo ka mea nui, a ma nā wahi i pani ʻia - nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale ʻaina - ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ke alo o ka piano.
ʻO ka piano ka mea hoʻokaʻawale o ka maikaʻi o ka mele mele. I kēlā manawa e kuʻina nei ke ala hao ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, ua hāʻawi ka kaʻa i kāna paʻi kiʻi mua ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokalakupua o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, a ua hōʻike ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kāna haʻi mua ʻana; ʻO ka nani mai ʻEulopa, ʻo ia hoʻi mai Palani. No laila, i ka hulahula nā huaʻōlelo Palani e like me "glise", "premier", "cuadrille" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana mau ʻia nei, e hoʻohui i ka hanohano a me ka ʻike. He piano mau kā ka poʻe pono i ko lākou hale e hōʻike ai i nā ʻaha kanaka me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana opera, operetta, zarzueIa a i ʻole nā mele operatic Mekiko e like me Estrellita a i ʻole ka malū, no ka mea he mele lawehala ia, e like me Perjura. Ua hōʻea nā danzones mua i Mekiko, i unuhi ʻia ma ka piano me ka palupalu a me ka melanoli, ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kēia ʻaha.
Akā, mai kali mākou i nā vespers a noʻonoʻo iki i ka "hānau" o ka danzón. I ke kaʻina hana o ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka danzón, ʻaʻole e ʻike maka ʻia ka hula Cuban a me ka contradanza. Mai kēia mau ʻano ke ala aʻe o ka hanana o ka danzón, kahi hapa wale nō o lākou e hoʻololi ʻia ana -
Eia kekahi, ʻike mākou he mea nui ka habanera o ka mea nui, ʻoiai ke ʻano o nā ʻano haku like ʻole i puka aʻe mai (a ʻo ka mea nui, ʻekolu "ʻano lahui": danzón, mele a me tango). Hoʻonoho nā mea mōʻaukala i ka habanera ma ke ʻano he mele mele mai ke kenekulia 19.
Kuhi ʻia ua lawe ʻia nā contradanzas mua mai Haiti a i Cuba a he hui o ka hulahula Country, kahi hulahula ʻāina ʻEnelani i loaʻa i kona ea ʻano a hiki i ka lilo ʻana i hulahula Havana ākea; Loaʻa iā lākou ʻehā mau ʻāpana a hiki i ka wā i hoʻemi ʻia ai i ʻelua, e hulahula nei i nā kiʻi e nā hui. ʻOiai ʻo Manu Saumell Robledo ka makua o ka quadrille Cuban, ʻo Ignacio Cervantes ka mea i waiho i kahi hohonu ma Mekiko e pili ana i kēia. Ma hope o ka lawe pio ʻana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Kuba a ma hope ma Mekiko, ma kahi o ka makahiki 1900, kahi i hana ai i nā mele he nui i hoʻohuli i ke ala o nā haku mele Mekiko e like me Felipe Villanueva, Ernesto Elourdy, Arcadio Zúñiga a me Alfredo Carrasco.
I ka hapa nui o nā piano piano a Villanueva, maopopo leʻa kona kaukaʻi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona Kuba. Kūlike lākou no ka ʻike mele o nā ʻāpana ʻelua. ʻO ka pinepine ka hoʻolauna wale. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo, lelid, me ka tempo rubato a me ka "tropical", a hāʻawi i nā hui rhythmic maoli maoli. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, a me ka maʻalahi o ka modulate, ʻoi aku ʻo Villanueva ma mua o Saumell, e like me ka mea kūlohelohe i kahi mea haku mele o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilina ʻuhane me ka mea hoʻomau o ka ʻano Cuban, ʻo Ignacio Cervantes.
He wahi koʻikoʻi ka contradanza i ka makemake o Mekiko i nā mele a me nā hulahula, akā e like me nā hulahula a pau, he ʻano kona no ka mea e pono e unuhi ʻia ka lehulehu e like me nā loina a me nā loina maikaʻi. I nā hui Porfirian a pau, mālama ka papa waiwai i nā ʻano archaic like o 1858.
I kēia ala, loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau mea e hoʻokumu i ka pae mua o ke alo o ka danzón ma Mekiko, e holo ana mai 1880 a 1913, ma kahi o. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka māka piano ka mea e lilo i kaʻa no ka lawe lehulehu ʻana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i nā ʻano nohona kanaka e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ākea ʻana, e hoʻemi ana iā ia i nā wahi kahi e hoʻomaha ai nā loina a me nā loina maikaʻi.
Nā manawa o ka boom a me ka ulu ʻana
Ma hope o ke kanakolukū, e ʻike ʻo Mekiko i kahi boom maoli i nā mele pālolo, nā inoa ʻo Tomás Ponce Reyes, Babuco, Juan de Dios Concha, Dimas a me Prieto e lilo i moʻolelo i ka ʻano danzón.
A laila hele mai ka hoʻōho hoʻōho kūikawā i kekahi wehewehe o ka danzón: E ka ʻohana! Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Danzón iā Antonio a me nā hoaaloha e hele pū me ia! Ua lawe mai ka manaʻo i ke kapikala mai Veracruz na Babuco.
Hana ʻo Amador Pérez, Dimas, i ka danzón Nereidas, ka mea i wāwahi i nā palena a pau o ke kaulana, no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i inoa no nā hale kalima, nā ʻoki kīʻaha, nā hale ʻai, nā ʻaina awakea, a pēlā aku. ʻO ia ka danzón Mekiko e kū pono ana i ka Cuban Almendra, mai Valdés.
I Kuba, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka danzón i cha-cha-chá no nā kumu kūʻai kālepa, ua hoʻonui koke ʻia a neʻe i ka danzón o ka ʻono o nā mea hula.
I nā makahiki 1940, ua ʻike ʻo Mekiko i ka pahū ʻana o hubbub a maikaʻi loa kona ʻano pō. Akā i hoʻokahi lā maikaʻi, i ka 1957, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano ma ke kahua i lawe ʻia mai kēlā mau makahiki i ka wā i hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā kānāwai e mālama i nā lunamanaʻo maikaʻi, nāna i hoʻoholo:
"Pono e pani ʻia nā hale i hoʻokahi i ke kakahiaka e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka uku o ka ʻohana o ka mea hana a ʻaʻole i lilo ka patrimony ʻohana i nā kikowaena hope," ʻo Mr. Ernesto P. Uruchurtu. Luna o ke kūlanakauhale o Mekiko. Makahiki 1957.
Lethargy a hānau hou
"Mahalo" i nā ana o ka Iron Regent, ua nalowale ka hapa nui o nā keʻena hulahula a, o nā kakini he ʻelua, aia wale nō ʻekolu i koe: EI Colonia, Los Angeles a me EI Kaleponi. Ua hele aku lākou e nā poʻe kūpaʻa pono o nā ʻano hulahula, ka mea i mālama ma o ka lahilahi a lahilahi o nā ala maikaʻi o ka hulahula. I ko mākou mau lā, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka SaIón Riviera, kahi i ka wā ma mua he lumi wale nō ia no nā pāʻina a me nā mea hulahula, kahi pale home no nā hulahula maikaʻi o SaIón, i waena o kahi a ka danzón ke aliʻi.
No laila, hōʻike mākou i nā huaʻōlelo a Amador Pérez lāua ʻo Dimas, i kāna ʻōlelo ʻana e "hiki mai ana nā mele o kēia au, akā ʻaʻole e make ka danzón."
