ʻO ka lagoons o San Bernardino, ma ke komohana o ka pae mauna Zongolica, kahi ʻāpana o kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe o ka hoihoi nui i nā kālaihonua e pili pū ana me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lua pele, ma kahi mauna i hana ʻia a kokoke i nā pā.
ʻO ka lagoons o San Bernardino, ma ke komohana o ka pae mauna Zongolica, kahi ʻāpana o kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe o ka hoihoi nui i nā kālaihonua e pili pū ana me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lua pele, ma kahi mauna i hana ʻia a kokoke i nā pā.
Hōʻike maopopo ka palapala ʻāina INEGI (El4B66 pālākiō 1: 50,000) i nā laina laina o ka mea i kapa ʻia Lua pele ʻo Otzelotzi, ka mea nona ka cone i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kōkua o nā puʻu a me nā awawa a puni.
Ua kipa ʻo Rubén Morante i ka pūnaewele i nā makahiki ma mua a loaʻa ke kuhiakau e hiki i nā lagoons ke hoʻopuni i nā kalderas o ka cone nui, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka mea lua pele i kahi hoihoi hou aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana o ka pūnaewele i alakaʻi iā mākou e hoʻoholo ua hana ʻia nā lagoons e ka ālai ʻia ʻana o nā awāwa, ma muli o ke kahe ana o ka pele ma hope mai ka lua pele ʻo Otzelotzi.
ʻO ka Otzelotzi kahi o nā luaipele hema loa o ka Neovolcanic Axis ma ka wahi ʻo Puebla, a kūlike pū me ka laina e hoʻomaka ana mai Cofre del Perote a hiki i ke Citlaltépetl a me ka Atlitzin, ʻoiai ʻo ka lua hope he 45 km ka mamao. Minamina ʻaʻohe mea i paʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka Otzelotzi, ʻoiai ʻo ke kanaka hulihonua ʻo Agustín Ruiz Violante, ka mea nāna i aʻo i nā pōhaku sedimentary o ia wahi, e hōʻoia ana he quaternary kona hoʻokumu ʻana, no laila e hoʻi wale paha kona ola i mau kakini. tausani makahiki.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lagoons, me ka awelika o 2,500 m asl, like ia me nā Zagoala lagoons, ma Morelos. Ma Mekiko, ʻo nā loko wai wale nō o El Sol, a me La Luna, ma Nevado de Toluca, i ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou, no ka mea aia ma kahi o 4,000 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi keu o nā kahawai ʻo San Bernardino ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau, ʻo ka Grande Lagoon hoʻi, ka nui o nā bass nui nui, nā iʻa a me nā iʻa keʻokeʻo a lākou e hana ai.
KA MANUAHI
ʻO ka ʻikena e kū ma mua o ka lagoons o San Bernardino i kahi huakaʻi ponoʻī. Mai ke keʻa e kū ana i kekahi mau mile mai Azumbilla, ma ke alaloa ʻo Tehuacán-Orizaba, hoʻomaka ke ala e hele i kēlā me kēia wahi ulu lāʻau me nā awāwa a hiki i 500 m hohonu. ʻo kekahi mau puʻu e hōʻike ana i nā lau nahelehele, ʻo kekahi e hōʻike ana i ka luku ʻia e ka hāʻule hewa ʻole ʻana o nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, pale ʻia ka lua pele ʻo Otzelotzi e nā kamaʻāina o San Bernardino, ka mea e ʻae nei i ka lohi liʻiliʻi ʻana e hana i ka lanahu.
Ua hōʻea mākou i ke kakahiaka nui, i ka wā e kau mau ana ke ao ma nā pā moe o nā kuahiwi. Hōʻoia ʻo Rubén aia he mau kaʻao e pili ana i nā mermaids a me nā apparitions, no laila ʻo kekahi o kā mākou hana e nīnau i ka poʻe kahiko o ka lehulehu. ʻO kekahi nīnau e pili ana i ke kumu o ka puʻu: otzyotl, ma Nahuatl, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hāpai ʻana, yotztiestar hāpai a hāpai paha. Maliʻa paha he manaʻo nui ka puʻu e pili ana i ka momona a ua hele mai nā wahine i kahi me ke kumu o ka ʻimi e hāpai. Mai ke ala e pili ana i ka Otzelotzi ma nā pali hema, hiki wale ke noʻonoʻo i ka Chago lagoon, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana ka Grande a me ka Lagunilla i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻākau a me nā wahi hikina. Piʻi ka lagoon Chica i 2,440 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻo ka Grande i 2,500 a me ka Lagunilla a i ka 2,600. Ma waho o ko lākou nui, ʻokoʻa nā lagoon i ke kala o ko lākou wai: ʻo Chica lagoon brown, the Grande lagoon green a me ka Lagunilla blue .
Ma hope o ke kalaiwa ʻana i ke ala o Santa María del Monte a lawe i kekahi mau kiʻi ʻāina, hoʻi mākou i ka hakahaka lepo e alakaʻi iā mākou, ma ke kahakai komohana o ka Otzelotzi, a i ke kaona liʻiliʻi o San Bernardino. I kēlā manawa ua ʻike mua mākou i ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻōiwi i kēia ʻāpana o ka sierra. Hōʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kahi hui me nā hiʻohiʻona Creole ikaika, a paʻakikī e ʻike i kahi ʻōiwi maoli, e like me Zongoliza. Maliʻa paha ka neʻe ʻana mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe e wehewehe i ka naʻaupō o nā moʻolelo kahiko, no ka poʻe a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike pehea e hāʻawi ai iā mākou i ke kumu e pili ana i kekahi kaʻao.
Ua hāʻawi mai kahi kaikamahine mai ke kauhale i kahi mea hoihoi loa e pili ana i ka nui i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia i ka lā hope o ka makahiki, i ka pō, ma ka piko o Otzelotzi, ma 3,080 m asl. Hele pū ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa me ke kahunapule ma ke ala e piʻi ai, a puni ʻia e nā keʻa he ʻumikūmālua. Kupaianaha ka huakaʻi ma muli o ka nui o nā ihoiho e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka 500 m āpau ma waena o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka piko.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hapanui o nā mākaʻikaʻi e kipa aku i nā lagoons e makemake e holo i ka Grande Lagoon, me nā moku i hoʻolimalima ʻia ma laila, a ʻai i nā hale ʻaina ma kahakai, ʻo kā mākou pahuhopu nui ka uhi ʻana i ka piʻi i luna, e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻāina a paʻi kiʻi i nā kuahiwi a puni. I nā lā maopopo hiki ke noʻonoʻo, mai ka piko, ka Popocatépetl a me ka Iztaccíhuatl; Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻōpua i ke komohana, pono kākou e ʻoluʻolu me ka ʻike nui a Pico de Orizaba e hāʻawi mai nei iā mākou, aia ma ka ʻākau.
ʻOluʻolu loa ke ala ma muli o nā lau nahele paʻa a ka Otzelotzi e mālama ai. I kekahi manawa, kū ʻo Rubén e paʻi kiʻi i kahi ilo ma kahi pōhaku pyroclastic aʻu i ʻike ai ma hope he crystalline tuff. Ma kahi a mākou e piʻi ai, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i nā basalts, nā pōhaku e ʻike ʻia ma ka pali hema o ka lua pele.
ʻO ke erosion o kēia mea i deformed ka lua pele. ʻO ke kumu o ka Otzelotzi ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 km i ke anawaena a i ka hikina hema e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe, ka lole o kahi cone adventitious. Hoʻonohonoho iki ka wahi kiʻekiʻe i ke kūkulu ʻākau o nā mea kanu o kēlā pali, kokoke i ka hiki ʻana i luna, hana ʻia ia e nā ulu lāʻau, a me kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pali hikina, kahi a Lagunilla a me kekahi heluna lehulehu. Mai ka piko a ke kūkulu hema aia kahi pali liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i ka pale i kahi ulu lāʻau coniferous.
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike panorama maikaʻi loa mai ka ʻākau: ma ka mua e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka lagoon Grande, a ma ke kua, nā lua pele ʻo Citlaltépetl a me Atlitzin. Ma muli o ka lau nahele ʻaʻole hiki, mai ka piko, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hema, akā ʻoluʻolu ia e ʻike i ka hoʻomau o nā lāʻau i ke kūkulu ʻia, maikaʻi a lau nahele hoʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi kēia mea kanu i hale no nā holoholona he nui, e like me ka chameleon liʻiliʻi a mākou i ʻike ai ma kahi o luna a i kau ʻia no kā mākou pahupaʻikiʻi.
Ma hope loa, māʻona, ko mākou pōloli i ka hiʻona, hoʻi hou mākou i lalo o ka pali. Ua haʻalele mākou i ka holo o ka moku ma waena o ka Lagoon Grande no kekahi manawa hou a noho no kahi pā iʻa keʻokeʻo a me nā pia ʻelua.
Inā hele ʻoe i nā LAGOONS SAN BERNARDINO
Inā hele ʻoe mai Orizaba a Tehuacán, ma o Cumbres de Acultzingo, pono ʻoe e hele i ka holoholo Azumbilla. Ma kahi o mau kilomita ma hope, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, aia ka hoʻololi ʻana iā Nicolás Bravo. Ma waena o kēia kaona a me Santa María del Monte ka Otzelotzi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke ala ākea āpau a aia wale nō kahi hohola o ka lepo ma ka puka o San Bernardino. ʻAʻohe o nā hōkele a me nā ʻāpana ʻenekini i kēia wahi. ʻO Tehuacán, Puebla, ke kūlanakauhale kokoke loa a aia hoʻokahi hola ma ke kaʻa.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 233 / Iulai 1996
