ʻO ka Lacandona Jungle kekahi o nā wahi i pale ʻia o Chiapas e waiho nei i ka helu nui loa o nā endemic ma Mekiko. ʻIke i ke kumu e mālama pono ai mākou iā ia!
Ka mea nui o ka biodiversity o ka Laulā Lacandon he ʻike ia i ʻike ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā meaolaolaola a me nā mea noiʻi he nui. Aole makehewa ka Kahi ʻepekema ʻo Chajul i loko o kēia ululāʻau piha o laha hopena o Mekiko a me nā laha i ka makaʻu o ka make. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hou aku i ʻike e pili ana i ka Lala Lacandon a me ka nā wahi pale o Chiapas, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka nele o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka biodiversity e hoʻonui ana ma waena o 17,779 km2, a ʻo ia ʻano mea he hōʻike no ka poʻe noiʻi e hele i ka mea i koho ʻia ʻo ia ka mua. nahele ua tropical o Mesoamerica.
ʻO ka Lacandon Jungle, aia ma ka hikina o ka ʻO ChiapasLoaʻa iā ia kona inoa i kahi mokupuni ma Lake Miramar i kapa ʻia ʻo Lacam-tún, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pōhaku nui, a nona nā kamaʻāina i kapa ʻia e nā Paniolo ʻo Lacandones.
Ma waena o nā makahiki 300 a me 900 hānau ʻo ia i kēia Ululāʻau Chiapas ʻo kekahi o nā lāhui nui loa ma Mesoamerica: ʻo ka Maya, a ma hope o kona nalo ʻana, noho noho ʻole ʻo Lacandon Jungle a hiki i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 19, i ka manawa o nā ʻoihana lohi, ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻē, hoʻokumu lākou iā lākou iho ma nā muliwai hoʻokele a hoʻomaka. kahi kaʻina hana nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kedera a me ka mahogany. Ma hope o ka Revolution, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ʻohi lāʻau a hiki i ka 1949, i ka wā i hoʻopau ai kahi ʻōlelo a ke aupuni i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka nahele ulu ulu, e ʻimi ana e pale aku iā ia. biodiversity a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā wahi pale ma Chiapas. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaka kahi hana koʻikoʻi o ka noho kolone ʻana i ia manawa, a ʻo ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā mahiʻai me ka ʻike ʻole i nā ululāʻau tropika i mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻomaka e lilo i Lacandon jungle i ka weliweli.
I nā makahiki he 40 i hala iho nei, wao nahele o ka Lao Lacandon ua wikiwiki loa ia inā e hoʻomau ia i ka wikiwiki like, e nalowale ka nahele wai ʻo Lacandon. No 1.5 miliona ha i loaʻa ka ʻO Lacandon Jungle ma ChiapasI kēia lā aia he 500,000 i koe e koi ia e mālama ma muli o kāna waiwai nui, no ka mea, i loko o lākou e waiho nei ka meaola nui loa ma Mekiko, me nā holoholona wale nō a me nā mea ulu o ia wahi, me ka hoʻohui o kēia mau hectare he mea nui kaohi i ke aniau a he waiwai hydrological. o ke kauoha mua ma muli o nā kahawai ikaika e hoʻoinu iā lākou. Inā nalowale mākou i ka Lao Lacandon, lilo iā mākou kahi ʻāpana waiwai o ka hoʻoilina kūlohelohe a me nā lāhui endemiko o Mekiko. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia manawa nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a me nā papahana a pau i noi ʻia no ka ʻāpana ulu lāʻau ʻo Lacandon ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi a paʻa paha a ʻaʻole i pōmaikaʻi i ka nahele a i ʻole ka Lacandon. No laila, ke Kahi Chajul kuhikuhi ʻo UNAM, hiki ke lilo i koho e pale a hōʻike i kēia ulu lāʻau o Mekiko i ke koena o ka honua. Hānau ʻia ke aloha a me ka mahalo mai ka ʻike.
Kahi noiʻi no ka Waihona Bios Montes Azules
Aia ke keʻena Chajul ma loko o nā palena o ka Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, i hoʻoholo ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi pale o Chiapas i ka makahiki 1978 e mālama ai i ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka ʻāina a hōʻoia i ke kaulike a me ka hoʻomau o kona biodiversity a me ka evolutionary a me nā kaiaola. Loaʻa kahi ʻāpana i 331,200 ha, e hōʻike ana i 0.6% o ka moku ʻāina. ʻO kāna mea ulu nui ka nahele wela o ka nahelehele, a i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka wai, nā ulu lāʻau a me nā ululāʻau ʻaka. E pili ana i nā holoholona, loaʻa iā Montes Azules 31% o nā manu o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, 19% o nā māmele a me 42% o nā butterflies o ka papilionoidea superfamily. Eia hou, pale pono ia i ka nui o nā laha i ka makaʻu o ka make ma Chiapas, e mālama ai i ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻElua hapakolu o ka Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve nā ʻāina e pili ana i nā kaiāulu ʻo Lacandon, kahi e noho ana i ka wahi buffer e pili ana i ke kaiaolaola. ʻAʻole ʻae ka Lacandon i kahi ʻoi aku o ka unuhi ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ka nahele ulu ua, a ʻoiai he mākaukau mākaʻi ʻaʻole ia e hōʻiliʻili hou aʻe mai ia mea ma mua o ka mea e pono ai. Kūpono loa kā lākou hana no ko lākou wahi noho a me kahi laʻana no ka poʻe āpau e hāhai ai.
Ke kumu o ke kahua Chajul
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ke keʻena Chajul mai ka makahiki 1983 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo SEDUE i ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻehiku mau keena no ka mālama a me ka nānā ʻana i kahi mālama. I ka makahiki 1984 ua pau nā hana a i ka makahiki 1985, e like me ka mau o ka hana, ua haʻalele ʻia lākou no ka nele o ka moʻohelu kālā a me ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO kekahi mau meaolaola e like me ʻO Rodrigo Medellín, hoihoi i ka mālama a me ke aʻo ʻana o ka Lacandon Jungle, ua ʻike lākou i ke kahua Chajul ma ke ʻano he wahi rautaki no kā lākou noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā meaolaola o ia wahi. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kauka Medellín i kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ia wahi i ka makahiki 1981 me ka manaʻo o ka loiloi ʻana i ka hopena o nā māla o Lacandon ma nā kaiāulu mammalian a loaʻa iā ia kāna palapala kākelē laeoʻo ma ke Kulanui o Florida. E pili ana i kēia, haʻi ʻo ia iā mākou i ka makahiki 1986 ua hele ʻo ia i kēia kūlanakauhale me ka hoʻoholo paʻa e hana i kāna palapala kākelē laeoʻo ma Lacandona a e hoʻihoʻi i ke kahua no UNAM. A ua kūleʻa ʻo ia, no ka mea ma ka hopena o 1988 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua Chajul me nā kumuwaiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ke Kulanui o Florida, a ma hope ua hāʻawi ʻo Conservation International iā ia i ka ikaika ikaika me nā kālā hou aku. Ma ka waenakonu o 1990s, ke kahua e hana nei ma ke ʻano he kikowaena noiʻi a alakaʻi ʻia e Dr. Rodrigo Medellín ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi.
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka Chajul Scientific Station ka hana ʻana i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka Lala Lacandon a me kāna meaola, a no kēia mea e koi mau ana i nā mea noiʻi mai ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā haole e noi ana i nā manaʻo kūpono no ka ʻike ʻoi aku o ka pua a me nā pua o ia wahi. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka nui o nā papahana e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai olaola o kēia ulu lāʻau ma Mekiko, ʻo ka maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana iā ia.
Nā papahana hoʻonohonoho Chajul
ʻO nā papahana āpau i hana ʻia ma ke kahua Chajul he mau mea nui i ka ʻepekema, a ʻo kekahi o lākou ua kipi i ka ʻōlelo o ka ulu ʻana o nā laha. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, aia kahi hihia o ka meaolaola ʻo Esteban Martínez, ka mea ʻike i kahi mea kanu o kahi ʻano, genus a me ka ʻohana ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka saprophytic a noho ma lalo o ka ʻōpala i kahi wahi i kahe ʻia ma ka ipu hikina o Lacantún. ʻO ka pua o kēia mea kanu kahi puke a me kahi ʻano pilikino, a ʻo ia ka maʻamau o nā pua āpau i nā stamens (ke kāne kāne) a puni ka pistil (ka wahine wahine), a ma kahi o ka nui o nā pistil a puni kahi stamen waena. ʻO Lacandona schismatia kona inoa.
I kēia manawa ua underutilized ke kahua paʻa ma muli o ka nele o nā papahana, a ʻo kēia kūlana ma muli o ka hapa nui i ka pilikia politika ma Chiapas. Akā ʻoiai nā pilikia e kū ai ʻo ia, aia nō nā mea noiʻi ma ke kahua kaua e hakakā ana no ka ululāʻau Chiapas. Aia ma waena o lākou ʻo Karen O'brien, he mea kālaimeaola ma ke Kulanui o Pennsylvania e hoʻomohala nei i kāna palapala kākau e pili ana i nā pilina ma waena o ka ululāʻau ʻana a me ka hoʻololi o ke aniau i ka Lacandon Forest; ʻo ka psychologist ʻO Roberto José Ruiz Vidal mai ke Kulanui o Murcia (Sepania) a me ke kula puka ʻo Gabriel Ramos mai ka Institute of Biomedical Research (Mexico) e hoʻopaʻa naʻau i nā ʻano kālaimeaola o ka Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) ma ka Lacandon Forest, a me ka biologist Ricardo A. Frías mai UNAM, kahi e lawe nei i nā papahana noiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā ke hoʻonohonoho nei i kēia manawa i ke keʻena Chajul, kahi kūlana e hele aku iā Kauka Rodrigo Medellín.
Nā ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma ka Lao Lacandon
Ua koho ʻia kēia papahana ma ke ʻano he kumuhana kumuhana e nā haumāna ʻelua mai ka UNAM Institute of Ecology a ʻo kāna pahuhopu nui e hōʻike i nā ʻike kūpono āpau i mea e nalo ai ke kiʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me kāna waiwai nui i ke kaiapuni.
I ka honua aia ma kahi o 950 ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa ʻokoʻa ʻO kēia mau ʻano, aia he 134 a puni ʻo Mekiko a ma kahi o 65 o lākou i loko o ka Lala Lacandon. Ma Chajul, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 54 mau ʻano i kēia manawa, kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻolilo i kēia wahi i ka mea like ʻole ma ka honua e pili ana i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he mea maikaʻi, keu hoʻi nā nektoivores a me nā sectivores; ʻo ka mea ma mua ma ke ʻano he pollinators a ʻo ka mea hope e ʻai i ka 3 gram o nā pepeke malefic i kēlā me kēia hola, a ʻo ia ʻano ʻike e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mākaukau nui i ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ʻino. Hana ka lāhui frugivorous i mau mea hoʻopuehu hua, ʻoiai lākou e lawe aku i ka hua i kahi mamao loa e ʻai ai, a ke hoʻoneʻe lākou e hoʻopuehu lākou i nā hua. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia mau mammal ʻo guano, ka ʻōpala ʻōpala, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu waiwai o ka nitrogen no ka compost, a mahalo nui ʻia ma nā mākeke ʻākau o Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa no ka lawe pololei ʻana i ka maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo istoplasmosis, akā ua hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi e ka hanu ʻana i nā spores o kahi fungus i kapa ʻia ʻo Istoplasma capsulatum e ulu ana ma luna o nā moa a me nā nūnū ʻelua, e hoʻoulu ana i ka maʻi nui i nā akepau e hiki ai i ka make.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā theses o Osiris a me Miguel i loko o ʻApelila 1993 a hoʻomau no 10 mau mahina, a he 15 mau lā o kēlā me kēia mahina i lilo ai i loko o ka Lao Lacandon. ʻO ka hana kākau moʻolelo a Osiris Gaona Pineda e pili ana i ka mea nui o ka puehu ʻana o ka hua e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me Miguel Amín Ordoñez e pili ana i ke kaiaola o nā kaiāulu peʻapeʻa i nā wahi i hoʻoponopono ʻia. Lawe ʻia kā lākou hana kahua ma ke ʻano he kime, akā i nā theses ua hoʻomohala kēlā me kēia i kahi kumuhana ʻokoʻa.
Nā hopena mua, hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻokoʻa o nā laha i hopu ʻia i nā wahi noiʻi like ʻole, e hōʻike ana aia ka hopena pololei ma waena o ka haunaele noho a me ka helu a me nā ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa i hopu ʻia. Ua hopu ʻia nā ʻano nui aʻe i ka ululāʻau ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe, no ka nui paha o ka meaʻai a me ka niche o ke ao i loaʻa.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia noi ʻana e hōʻike i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka ululāʻau o ka Lāʻo Lacandon e hoʻopōʻino maoli nei i ka lawena, ka ʻokoʻa a me ka nui o nā holoholona i kēia wahi ulu lāʻau. Ke hoʻololi nei ka wahi noho o nā ʻano haneli he haneli a me ia e hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ai ko lākou loli. Pono kēia mau wahi i kahi hoʻoulu hou e hiki ai ke mālama i ka manawa i nā holoholona a me nā lau o ka ulu ulu ulu i hoʻohewa ʻia e pau, a no laila ke kumu nui o ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa āpau e noho ana i kēia ulu lāʻau.
No nā millennia i hala aku nei ua manaʻo mākou nā poʻe Komohana iā mākou iho he kaʻawale a ʻoi aku i ke koena o ke kūlohelohe. Akā ua hiki i ka manawa e hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaopopo he mea nui mākou he 15 biliona mau makahiki e pili ana i ka honua honua.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 211 / Kepakemapa 1994
