ʻO nā mikionali, nā pōhaku mua o ka moemoeā Kaleponi, ke ʻano o ka pōmaikaʻi o ka honua komohana, koe ka ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā mikionali, nā pōhaku mua o ka moemoeā Kaleponi, ke ʻano o ka pōmaikaʻi o ka honua komohana, koe ka ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Ua manaʻo ʻia he mokupuni no ka manawa lōʻihi, he umu ahi ka ʻāina no nā Europa mua i ʻaʻa e kipa aku iā ia. Ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina ua kapa ʻia ia he calla fornaxy a no laila i lawe ʻia ka inoa Kaleponi. I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻike ʻo ia he penikala ia, a ʻo nā ʻāina i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau ua kapa ʻia ʻo Alta Kaleponi.
Ma hope o ke kaua Mekiko-ʻAmelika o 1848, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana wale nā mea hoʻouka kaua i ka ʻāina o Kaleponi ʻĀkau, akā ʻo ka inoa kumu i kaulike ʻia me ka peninsula a Mexico i mālama ai, nona ka mōʻaukala a me nā kuʻuna nui aʻe.
I ʻOkakopa o kēia makahiki e mālama ʻia ai ʻekolu mau kenekulia o ka noho aupuni ʻana o nā Kaleponi. I kēlā mahina, akā i ka makahiki 1697, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mikiona mua ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Loreto, Baja California Sur.
I ka makahiki 1535 ua hana nui ʻo Hernán Cortés i kahi mākaʻikaʻi o nā kahakai o ka peni, akā ua hoihoi wale ʻo ia me kāna mau luina i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā momi a haʻalele ʻole e hoʻi. Hoʻokahi kenekulia a me ka hapa ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma kēlā kahakai ahiu, i noho ʻia e nā mea nomad a aneane ʻenemi mau. ʻAʻole naʻi koa kēia mau koa wiwo ʻole a luina paha, akā he mikionali haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kēlā wahi i haʻalele ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka palena palena hope loa, ʻo Mekiko i nānā ʻole ʻia, ua hoʻohoka ʻia e kēia ao a me kahi piʻipiʻi mākaʻikaʻi ʻoi loa o ke kiʻi a me ke ʻano o kona ʻaoʻao ʻAmelika. I kēia manawa ʻo nā mikionali, nā pōhaku mua o ka moemoeā Kaleponi, ke ʻano o ka pōmaikaʻi o ka honua komohana, koe ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. I loko o ka iwakālua e kū nei, ʻeiwa wale nō ke kū nei.
LORETO
Ma ʻOkakopa 25, 1697, ua hoʻokumu ka Makua Jesuit o Juan María de Salvatierra i ka nuʻukia mua, ua bapetizo ʻia me ka inoa o ko mākou Lede o Loreto, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka Puʻupaʻa kaulana o kona ʻāina hānau ʻo ʻItalia. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka mikionali i kahi halelewa haʻahaʻa, akā ʻo ka hana ʻeuanelio ma waena o nā kamaʻāina ua ʻae ʻia kahi luakini pōhaku e hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 1699, ʻoiai, i kēia manawa he hale pule ʻaoʻao no ka mikiona, ʻo ia ka hale kahiko loa ma Kaleponi.
He paʻakikī ke aʻo ʻana i ka catechism i ka poʻe ʻōiwi, a hiki i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā mākua o Loreto e kono iā lākou e ʻai. I loko o nā ipuhao nui e mālama mau ʻia nei, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano pozole e ʻoluʻolu ai ke aʻo ʻana, e like me kā ka luna o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Misiona, ʻo Estela Gutiérrez Fernández, i wehewehe mai ai iā mākou.
Ua haʻi pū ʻo ia iā mākou ma ka hanana o ka 300th makahiki o ka Misiona Loreto, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i nā hana mālama i loko o lākou āpau, a ma ka ʻaoʻao kahiko hoʻi o ke awa ʻo Loreto, nona nā hale lāʻau kahiko he hapalua kakini i mālama ʻia.
SAN JAVIER
ʻO ke kahuna o Loreto, ʻo Isaac Villafaña, e huakaʻi i kāna kalaka ma kahi o ʻekolu mau manawa o ka mahina ma ke ala weliweli, ma waena o nā mauna, e alakaʻi ana i ka nuʻukia o San Javier, a ʻaʻohe wahi haipule ma laila. ʻO ka huakaʻi ʻana i kēia kaona liʻiliʻi e hoʻi nei i ka wā kahiko a ke ʻike nei i nā hale ʻoniʻoni a me nā pāma maʻamau. ʻO ka hale kia bele, nā kāhiko quarry a me nā ʻāpana baroque ʻekolu o kēia mikiona i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1699, kūpono i ke kūlanakauhale, pūʻiwa i kahi wahi mamao a ʻaʻole i noho ʻia.
MULEGÉ
ʻO ke kaua wale nō kahi a ka poʻe Mekiko i hoʻokau ai i ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ke Kaua o 1847 ma Mulegé. I kēlā makahiki, ua haʻalele ʻia ka mikiona kūloko, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1705, no ka mea, ua kipaku ʻia ka poʻe Jesuit mai New Spain i 1768.
Kūkulu ʻia ʻo Santa Rosalía de Mulegé ma kahi o kahi kahawai a me ke kahakai o ke kai o Cortez. ʻO ia ka sober a me ka austere ʻoi loa o nā mikiona. Ke kipa ʻana iā Mulegé he mea hoihoi ia e ʻike pū i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kaiāulu i kū i ka hale paʻahao kahiko.
SAN IGNACIO
Ma kahi oasis kokoke i ke kikowaena ʻāina o ka peni, kahi i nui ai nā lāʻau pā, ʻo ia ke kaona ʻo San Ignacio. Mahalo i ka hana mau a me ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe kūpaʻa, ʻo ia ka mikiona i mālama ʻia ʻoi loa. ʻO kona mau kiʻi kuahu, nā kiʻi kālai ʻia a me nā lako pono kumu mai ke kenekulia 18.
SANTA GERTRUDIS
Aia ka mikiona Santa Gertrudis ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Baja Kaleponi, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻehā i hala ma Baja Kaleponi Sur.
Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1752, ʻo Santa Gertrudis, kahi hana paʻa nona nā paia, nā lua a me nā ʻāpana e hōʻike i ka hana quarry makamae. Mālama ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana kolone nui a ʻo ka hale bele he kumu maoli ia no ka mea ua kaʻawale ia mai ka heiau
ʻO Pāpā Mario Menghini Pecci, hānau ʻia ma ʻItalia akā me 46 mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana ma ka peni, loaʻa kālā a me ke kākoʻo ʻenehana no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka luakini o kēia nuʻukia.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻike ʻo ia e hui pū me kekahi mau kamaʻāina Baja Kaleponi, kahi hui kīwila i kapa ʻia ʻo Mejibó A.C., kahi huaʻōlelo e uē ana i ka euphoria mai nā ʻōiwi Cochimí. A laila loaʻa iā ia ke kōkua mai ka parastatal Exportadora de Sal, S.A. a me ke kiaʻāina o Baja Kaleponi, ʻo Héctor Terán.
SAN BORJA
Hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomita ma ka ʻākau o Santa Gertrudis, ma Baja Kaleponi, ma kahi kokoke i kahi nahele cactus, kahi i nui ai nā pitahayas a me nā choyas, a kū aʻe nā cardones a me nā ihoiho i ʻeiwa mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka misiona a San Borja.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1762, ʻo ia ka hope loa o nā mikiona i kūkulu ʻia ma ka peni. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano pilikino e mālama ʻia nā ʻinoʻino adobe o ka luakini mua, he mau mika mai ka luakini pōhaku i kūkulu ʻia e nā Dominicans ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka Jesuits; ʻo ia hoʻi ka austere akā ʻo ke kūmau koʻikoʻi.
Ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana, hana kino ʻole ka hale kaʻa ʻo San Borja a nalowale kona piʻo, no laila hiki ke hāʻule inā ʻaʻole kūkulu hou ʻia. ʻO ke kahuna ʻo Mario Menghini, ka mea lawelawe i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he ʻelele episkopal no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā mikiona ʻelua ʻo Baja Kaleponi, ua wehewehe mai iā mākou ʻaʻole i hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēia pūnaewele a ʻo ka moʻohelu kālā no ka hana he hoʻokahi miliona 600 tausani kaona, no ka mea pono ia i ka hoʻoponopono pono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo San Borja kekahi o nā mikiona punahele i waena o nā mea huakaʻi no kona kumu a me kona nani.
MAMUA O NA MISIONA E
Ma Baja Kaleponi Sur ʻekolu mau mikiona i koe e ola nei; ʻO La Paz lāua ʻo Todos Santos, ma nā kaona o nā inoa like, ua nalowale ko lāua helehelena kahiko ma muli o nā hana hou ʻole a nā mea hou o kēia manawa, no laila ʻaʻole lākou hoihoi iki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo San Luis Gonzaga, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1740, aia i kona kūlana kumu, e mālama nei i kona ʻano ʻōiwi a ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea āpau.
ʻO nā mikiona o Baja Kaleponi nā waiwai maoli i hiki ke hoʻomālamalama hou akā mālama nui ʻia a hana e hoʻokō iā ia.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 248 / ʻOkakopa 1997
