Me nā pale pale formidable he ʻumikūmālua, Zempoala, Hidalgo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa me ka haʻaheo kūpono i ke poʻo inoa o "kaona ʻo haciendas pulque". Hiki i kekahi mau wahi ma Mekiko ke kaena i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā haciendas nani he nui i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi.
'Speaklelo nā moʻolelo mōʻaukala ma mua o 20 haciendas i kēia manawa ʻo Zempoala. I kēia lā aia he kakini i koe, ʻoiai nā mea āpau, kahi helu nui ia no ke kaona ʻo 31,000 ha wale nō. Me ʻelua wale nō pākēneka o ka huina nui o Hidalgo, mālama ʻo Zempoala i ʻeono pakeneka o nā māla 200 i helu ʻia ma Hidalgo. ʻO ka manaʻo o ia mau helu ke hele mākou i kēlā mau alanui hele mākou i kekahi kūlanakauhale kahiko i kēlā me kēia ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha mau kilomita, a ʻo kekahi manawa ua emi. ʻO Zempoala, i ka pōkole, ke kaiāulu e pono e kipa ʻia inā makemake mākou e pulu i nā haciendas Mekiko.
ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa ʻaʻole nā helu i nā mea āpau. ʻO ka nani o nā kahiko Zempoala haciendas, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke ʻoliʻoli nui, lawe i kahi ʻālohilohi kūikawā i kēlā me kēia o lākou. Hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano maʻamau, akā aia mau kekahi mau ʻokoʻa nui.
ʻO nā ʻāina o kahi pelekikena
Inā aia kekahi ʻano hōʻailona o nā ʻāina Zempoala, ʻo ia ʻo Don Manuel González, ka luna liberal kaulana a me ka hoaaloha o Porfirio Díaz, ʻo ia ka pelekikena o Mekiko ma waena o 1880 a me 1884. Ua loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau ʻāina pili pili i ka hikina o ke kulanakauhale. ʻO ia ʻo Santa Rita, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 no ka Marchioness o Selva Nevada, ka mea e hoʻomau nei i kāna ea viceregal. Ma kekahi o kona mau kihi aia kahi lua wai nui i hiki ke lilo i nui loa ma ka ʻāina. Ma waena o kēia mahiʻai a me ko Zontecamate, ke kulanakauhale ʻo Singuilucan, ke kū nei ka mahiʻai nani ʻo Tecajete ʻo ia, me ke kumu kūpono, punahele a González.
Wahi a nā moʻolelo, i ka manawa i lilo ai ʻo González i pelekikena, ua kauoha ʻo ia i ke kamaliʻi ʻōpio ʻo Antonio Rivas Mercado e kūkulu hou i ka hacienda, i hoʻi mai nei mai kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma Palani (e ʻike iā Unknown Mexico Nos. 196 a me 197) Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Rivas Mercado ma luna o nā mea āpau no ke kolamu o ke Kūʻokoʻa ma ka Paseo de la Reforma, i waiho i kahi ʻano hale aliʻi ma laila, hanohano ma waho a hāʻawi ʻia me nā patio maluhia i loko. I loko o kekahi o lākou ke aniani ākea o kahi jagüey e hoʻonui a, ma kahi liʻiliʻi iki, i kahi māla, aia he 46 mau pio o ka ʻāpana mua o ka wai wai kaulana o Padre Tembleque. Ke hele nei i kēia mau mea āpau, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka lawe ʻana o ka pelekikena iā ia ma ke ʻano o kāna keu punahele o ka hoʻomaha.
Nā pāʻani kāleka
Ma ka hopena ʻē aʻe o ke kaona nā haciendas e pili ana i ka ʻohana Enciso. I ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa - helu kāna mau mamo - ua nalowale ʻo Cesario Enciso i ka Hacienda de Venta de Cruz, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko (he mau mika mai ka palena me Hidalgo) i kahi pāʻani kāleka. Kūkulu hou ʻo Don Cesario i kāna waiwai a kūkulu i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo Casa Grande i ke kaona, kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻē i loaʻa ʻole ka pulque. Ua like ia me kahi noho ʻohana a me kahi ʻoihana kūʻai. Kāhea ka poʻe kamaʻāina iā ia ʻo "Big Shop". Mālama ʻo ia i nā lumi anthology hanohano a ma ka papahele o ka honua, ma hope o ka puka lōʻihi, nā lako pono o kahi hale kūʻai nui ʻo Porfirian, a me kahi hale bakery me nā umu kenekulia.
I ka manawa o ke kuʻi pulquero, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻokumu ka Encisos i ka hana o kēia mea inu ma Los Olivos, kokoke i ke kaona. Ua kapa aku lākou i ka inoa ʻo "ranch" he aha nā ana o kahi hacienda maoli; noho ʻo ia i luna hoʻomalu, nona ka hale i lili i ka mea nona ka ʻāina ma mua o hoʻokahi. Aia pū kekahi nā puka kūmole a ka Casa Grande i loaʻa ai a hiki i nā makahiki kanaono o ke kenekulia 19, i ka wā i kūkulu hou ʻia ai.
ʻAʻole mamao loa mai kēia aia kekahi mau haciendas kupaianaha ʻē aʻe. ʻO Tepa El Chico kona hale nui loa ma kahi axis longitudinal kahi e loaʻa ai nā hale kiaʻi, tinacal, hale nui, hale pule a me kekahi hale kiaʻi ʻē aʻe. Ma ke alo o kēia laina hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ala haiki kahiko kahi e holo ai nā "paepae" me nā pahu kūkae i ke kahua kaʻaahi. ʻO ka mea āpau he nostalgic.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o San José Tetecuinta, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka aristocratic. Alakaʻi ke ala hele i kahi ala e hoʻopuni ana i kahi punawai i mua o kahi lanai kolone kiʻekiʻe nani. Nā ʻāina ʻāina - nā fresko paha mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 - e hoʻonani i nā paia o loko a me waho o ka hale.
San Antonio lāua ʻo Montecillos
Ma ka hikina hema o ke kūlanakauhale ʻelua mau māla e hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo San Antonio Tochatlaco i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 19. He ʻano hou aʻe ko Montecillos. Hāʻawi lāua i kahi ʻokoʻa kuhikuhipuʻuone nui. ʻOiai kūkulu ʻia ka mea mua e hana ana i hoʻokahi huinaha nui, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hale: ka hale, ka tinacal, nā hale lio, ka calpanería, a pēlā aku.
Aia kekahi mau haciendas ʻē aʻe hiki ʻole ke kipa ʻia, akā hiki ke leʻaleʻa ʻia mai waho. ʻO Arcos kekahi, ʻike ʻia mai ke ala nui a hiki i Tulancingo. Lawe ʻia kēlā inoa no ka mea aia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kekahi o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ke kahawai ʻo Otumba, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Tecajete. ʻO Pueblilla kekahi, ma waena o Santa Rita a me ke kaona ʻo Zempoala. ʻO kēia hacienda, me kekahi o nā helehelena ʻoi loa o nā haciendas i hiki ke loaʻa ma Hidalgo, hoʻoliʻiliʻi kū hoʻokahi i ka hana keaka - a me ka waiwai - o ke kaona: i waenakonu o ka hoʻopoina a haʻalele hoʻi i ka nani kahiko o Porfirian e ʻālohilohi nei.
Pehea e hiki ai i Zempoala
Ke haʻalele nei iā Mexico City ma ke alaloa ʻo Pirámides-Tulancingo (helu pekelala 132). I ka hoʻololi mua ʻana i Ciudad Sahagún-Pachuca, huli i ka ʻākau a i Pachuca; Aia ʻo Zempoala ʻelima mau kilomita mai laila (a 25 km hema o Pachuca).
ʻO nā ʻāina kipa o ke kaona (i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōlelo) nā ʻona nā mea nona i hui ʻia i ka Hui o nā ʻĀina ʻĀina o Zempoala. Hāʻawi kēia kino i kahu a hoʻokele i nā kipa pūʻulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea nui (he mau kakini mau kānaka).
Mea kākau moʻolelo a mea kākau moʻolelo. He loea ʻo ia no Geography and History and Historical Journalism ma ka Faculty of Philosophy a me nā Letters o ka National Autonomous University of Mexico kahi e hoʻāʻo ai ʻo ia e hoʻolaha i kāna delirium ma o nā kihi pohihihi e hana ana i kēia ʻāina.
