Ua loaʻa kahi hopena o nā hopena koʻikoʻi ma Mesoamerica ma kahi o 650 BC.
Ua loaʻa kahi hopena o nā hopena i Mesoamerica ma kahi o 650 BC: ke kū ʻana o nā mea ʻē i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hōʻike Olmec, e pili ana i nā manu o nā mea pio, nā moʻo, nā jaguar, a me nā toads a me nā rana; akā, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia nā helehelena ʻano minoʻaka i hoʻomaka e pani i ke ʻano "alo keiki" ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana kūlike ʻole o kēia kiʻi.
Ma Chalcatzingo ʻaʻole ia ka anthropomorphic hui hou e ʻike ʻia i ke kōkua ma loko o ke ana a ʻike ʻia ʻo "El Rey". I ka mural ma ka puka o ke ana o Oxtotitlán, ʻaʻole ia he anthropomorph e noho ana ma ke kiʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia o kahi reptilian zoomorph, akā he kanaka i kū i ke ʻano o kahi manu manu me nā hōʻailona e pili ana iā ia me ka zoomorph. Ma La Venta he nui nā stelae e hōʻike ana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau kanaka i kāhiko nui ʻia i nā kaila ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano maʻamau ʻo Olmec, me nā kiʻi o ka anthropomorph ma ke ʻano he ʻano lua ma ke ʻano he medallion, insignia a lana paha e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou, a ʻo ka zoomorph ma ke kahua, a i ʻole ka basal band. kahi a ka Haku e noho ana.
ʻAʻole hikiwawe kēia hoʻololi ʻana i kā Olmec art, akā ʻo ka huahana o kahi hoʻololi mālie a ʻano maluhia hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hōʻike archaeological o ke kaua a lanakila paha. Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā mea kiʻi kiʻi hou i loko o ke ʻano e kū nei o ka moʻo Olmec kuʻuna. Me he mea lā, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo, e hoʻohana i ka mea i hala e hōʻoia a paipai i nā manaʻo hou, e loli ana i nā ʻano he ʻano haipule, no ka mea maopopo leʻa he kumu socio-politika.
Ma ka 500 BC, he hana ʻelua kā "Olmec" art: hoʻokahi ma ka lawelawe ʻana o nā mōʻī nāna e hoʻomalu iā ia, a ʻo kekahi, nā manaʻo hoʻomana hou aku, e hāpai i ko lākou nohona nohona. ʻO kekahi kumu hoʻokumu o kēia kaʻina hana, weliweli i kāna hopena moʻomeheu no Mesoamerica, ʻo ia paha ke ʻano o nā akua, e like me nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai mai ka Classic a me Postclassic.
He mea hiki loa paha i ka mana hoʻokele kipi ma hope o kēia mau loli ʻano nui i hele mai ka hema, mai nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a mai ke kapakai Pākīpika ʻo Chiapas a me Guatemala, kahi i hele mai ai ka jade a ma kahi o kāna alahele kālepa ʻike mākou i kahi nui o nā kiʻi kiʻi a me petroglyphs i kahi kaila Olmec i hoʻololi ʻia e like me nā mea ma Abaj Takalik, Ojo de Agua, Pijijiapan a me Padre Piedra, i waena o nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. I loko o kona wā hauʻoli (900-700 BC) ua hoʻopau ʻo La Venta i kahi nui o ka jade (no lākou i ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ke gula no mākou) i nā mea i kālai ʻia nani i ke ʻano o nā figurine, nā masks, nā mea hoʻolauleʻa utilitarian e like me nā koʻi a me nā waʻa liʻiliʻi, nā hoʻohana a me nā kāhiko. Hoʻohui ʻia, waiho ʻia nā mea jade i nā kanu kanu a i hoʻohana ʻia paha i nā rutan votive ma nā puʻu a me nā paepae, a me nā mōhai i mua o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo.
ʻO kēia hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka jade i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā haku i kāohi i nā kumuwaiwai o kēia mea waiwai ma Guatemala. ʻO kēia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai nā hopena hema ma nā stelae, nā kuahu a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe o La Venta. Aia kekahi mau hopena i kekahi o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo o San Lorenzo, a me Stela C a me Monument C o Tres Zapotes. ʻOiai ʻo nā jade i kapa ʻia ʻo "Olmec" i loaʻa ma Costa Rica, ua hui like me kēia moʻomeheu o ke kapakai Pākīpika ma mua o ka poʻe o ke Kai Kūʻono.
ʻO kēia hoʻololi ʻana o Olmec art kahi hanana moʻomeheu kipi, ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i nā hilinaʻi abstract, e like me ka Olmec ponoʻī. ʻOi aku ma mua o kahi kaila i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻo kēia hana ʻo "Olmec" hopena ke kumu a i ʻole kumu o ka hana noʻeau i ka wā Kikolika o ka honua Mesoamerican.
Puna: Nā Paukū o ka Mōʻaukala Helu 5 ʻO nā Lordships o ke Kai Kūʻono / Kekemapa 2000
