ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka wā viceregal ma Mekiko ka hacienda, nona ka mea i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka hapa ʻelua o ka kenekulia 16 a pili loa i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā hāʻawi a me nā encomiendas mai ka lei aliʻi Sepania i ka penikala mua nāna i ua ʻaʻa lākou e hoʻopuni i ke panalāʻau lanakila hou.
I loko o nā makahiki, ua lilo kēia mau makana a me nā pōmaikaʻi, ʻo ia wale nō kekahi mau leagues o ka ʻāina, ka India i kekahi manawa a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi loa no ka hana, ua lilo a lilo i mea mana nui a me ka waiwai nui i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala. o ka honua Sepania Hou.
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā haciendas i hana ʻia, ma ke ʻano nui, e kahi kikowaena hale i kapa ʻia ʻo "casco", a ʻo ia ka "hale nui" kahi i noho ai ka mea nona ka ʻāina me kona ʻohana. Eia kekahi ma laila kekahi mau hale ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa, i hoʻokau ʻia i nā limahana i hilinaʻi ʻia: ka mea mālama puke, ka mea lawe kīʻaha a me nā mea mālama hale ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o kēlā me kēia mahiʻai ka hale pule, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai nā lawelawe haipule i ka poʻe e noho ana i ka mahiʻai a, ʻoiai, he hale ʻai kā lākou a pau, nā hale lio, nā papa hehi (kahi kahi e kuʻi ai nā palaoa) a me kekahi mau hale haʻahaʻa. ua hoʻohana lākou i nā "limahana acasillados", ua kāhea ʻia no ka mea ma ke ʻano he uku o kā lākou uku ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi "hale" e noho ai.
Ua hoʻonui ka haciendas ma loko o ka ʻāina ākea ākea, a kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina, ua kapa ʻia he pulquera, henequeneras, kō, hui hui a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me kā lākou hana nui.
E pili ana i ka moku ʻo Guanajuato Bajío, pili pili ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia mau mahiʻai i ka mining, commerce and the Church, ʻo ia ke kumu, i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Guanajuato i kēia manawa, loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua ʻano mahiʻai , nā mea o ka pono a me nā holoholona holoholona.
HANOHANO HUI
Me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā aa kālā momona o ka mea e ʻike ʻia ma hope ʻo Real de Minas de Santa Fe ma Guanajuato, hoʻomaka ka hana nui a hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ulu disproportionally mahalo i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā mea minamina hopohopo i make wai i ke kālā. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o nā māla i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mining, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o nā mahiʻai beneficiation. I loko o ia mau mea, ua lawe ʻia ka wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ke kālā ma o ka "benefit" o quicksilver (mercury).
Me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a me ka holomua ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana hoʻouku, ke hāʻule nei ke ʻano pōmaikaʻi pōkole i ka hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale liʻiliʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana mining nui; Ma muli o ka ulu nui o ka makemake no ka hale, ua haʻalele lākou i kā lākou hana nui e lilo i wahi kikowaena hale liʻiliʻi. Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Guanajuato ma nā ʻāina kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai lākou, e hāʻawi nei i ko lākou inoa i nā kaiāulu kahiko o ka lehulehu; ʻo nā ʻāina o San Roque, Pardo a me Durán i hana i nā kaiāulu homonymous.
Ma muli o ka holomua o ke kaona i kēia manawa, ua nalowale ka hapa nui o kēia mau kūkulu ʻana, ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kekahi mau homesteads i hoʻololi ʻia i nā pono e kau ʻia e ke ola o kēia wā iā mākou a, i ko mākou mau lā, hana lākou ma ke ʻano he hōkele, hale hōʻikeʻike a spa a Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi a i ʻole i kahi lumi home no kahi ʻohana Guanajuato. Akā, minamina wale nō kekahi o mākou i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ko lākou inoa.
I nā wahi mining ʻē aʻe o ka mokuʻāina, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻāina hoʻouku nui loa, no ka nui, i ka pau ʻana o nā uaua a i ʻole nā "aguamiento" (kahe ʻana o nā pae haʻahaʻa). ʻO kēia ka hihia o ke kaona mining o San Pedro de los Pozos, kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo San Luis de la Paz, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou i kēia lā ke kipa aku i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia o nā mahiʻai loaʻa mua maikaʻi.
MAHELE LAHUI
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kekahi ʻano mahiʻai i kahi o Guanajuato Bajío no ka mahiʻai a me nā holoholona, e hoʻohana pono ana i nā lepo momona i hoʻohanohano i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻokomo ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea ke kuleana o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā manaʻo komo āpau i nā mea i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mining a, i ka hihia o nā mea i mālama ʻia e nā haipule, i nā hale konikona i nui pū ma ia wahi.
No laila, nā huaʻai, nā holoholona a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe āpau i hiki ai ke ola o ka ʻoihana waiwai kūleʻa, hiki mai nā mahiʻai i hoʻokumu ʻia, ma nā wahi kaiāulu o nā kaona o Silao, León, Romita, Irapuato, Celaya, Salamanca, Apaseo. el Grande lāua ʻo San Miguel de Allende.
ʻAʻole like me nā mahiʻai loaʻa kālā, ka mea i ʻike i ka hopena o kā lākou hopena ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā uaua, ʻo ka emi ʻana o nā mea hana holoholona agro-holoholona ma muli o ke kānāwai agrarian hou i hoʻolaha ʻia i Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka neʻe kaua o 1910, ka mea i hoʻopau i kekahi mau kenekulia o ka haku ʻāina a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko mākou ʻāina. No laila, me ka hoʻoponopono agrarian, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina ma nā haciendas o Guanajuato (a me ka ʻāina āpau) i hoʻololi ʻia i mau waiwai ejidal a i ʻole nā ʻano kaiāulu, e waiho ana, ma nā ʻoi loa o nā hihia, ʻo ka "hale nui" wale nō. mālama ʻia e ka mea ʻona.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka haʻalele ʻia ʻana o nā pāpale mahiole o nā ʻāina kūpuna i mua, a ua hōʻeha ʻia a hewa ʻole i nā hale. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou, ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka hōʻino ʻana a lākou e ʻike ai i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hiki mai ana ma mua o ko lākou nalo loa. Akā laki nō no nā Guanajuatens āpau, e like me ka 1995 ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papahana e ka State Sub-secretariat of Tourism, i ka laulima ʻana me nā mea nona nā ʻāina i kēia manawa, e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe e ʻae ai i ka nalowale o nā hale nani a mōʻaukala hoʻi. .
Mahalo i nā hana e like me kēia, hiki iā mākou ke mahalo ma o ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā o Guanajuato i kahi nui o nā haciendas i kahi kūlana nani o ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai ʻāpana, ʻae iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kēlā mau manawa ke hele a hele ka poʻe. he mea kupaianaha maoli ia i hoʻopiha i kahi pae holoʻokoʻa i ka moʻolelo o Guanajuato me ke ola.
