Ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke paʻi kiʻi ʻana, makemake ka poʻe hoihoi i ka mālama ʻana i kiʻi o ko lākou ʻano kino a me ke kūlana kaiaulu i nā mea pena kiʻi, nāna i hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana like ʻole e hana i nā kiʻi i noi ʻia.
No kahi mea kūʻai aku i hiki ke hāʻawi iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka waiwai o nā mea kūʻai aku āpau e hiki ai a mālama i kā lākou kiʻi, ʻoiai i nā makahiki mua o ke kiʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ma daguerreotypes i ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu, a hiki i ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana i ke kiʻi. ʻO ka kenekulia 19 i hiki ke loaʻa i kahi maikaʻi ʻole ma ka pā aniani. ʻO kēia ʻenehana, i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa o collodion pulu, ke kaʻina hana i loaʻa ma kahi o 1851 na Frederick Scott Archer, kahi e hiki ai ke kiʻi hou ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i ke ala ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka palena ʻole ma ka pepa sepia toned. ʻO kēia ka mea i hōʻemi nui ʻia i nā kumukūʻai o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi.
ʻO ka collodion pulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike, ʻae ʻia e hōʻemi i ka manawa hōʻike; Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa i ke kaʻina hana i lawe ʻia me ka emulsion pulu; ʻO Albumin ka hamo ʻana i ka pepa pepa lahilahi me ka huikau o ka hua keʻokeʻo a me ka sodium chloride, ke hoʻomaloʻo ia, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi hopena o ka nitrate kālā, a ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaloʻo, ʻoiai i ka pouli, kau koke ʻia ma luna. i luna o ka papa collodion pulu a laila wehe ʻia i ke ao; No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kiʻi, hoʻohui ʻia kahi hopena o ka sodium thiosulfate a hoʻohui ʻia ka wai, kahi holoi a hoʻomaloʻo. I ka pau ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻokomo ʻia ka albumin i loko o kahi kōlani gula chloride i mea e loaʻa ai nā kani i makemake ʻia a e hoʻoponopono i ke kiʻi ma luna o kahi lōʻihi.
Ma muli o ka holomua o kēia mau kiʻina paʻi kiʻi i lawe ʻia mai me lākou, ma Palani, ka mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo André Adolphe Disderi (1819-1890), i kālele ʻia i ka makahiki 1854 i ke ala e hana ai i 10 mau kiʻi mai kahi hoʻokahi maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo kēia ke kumu o ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia paʻi. hoʻemi ʻia e 90%. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kāmela i hiki ke kiʻi iā 8 a 9 mau kiʻi ma kahi pā 21.6 cm kiʻekiʻe ma 16.5 cm. ke kiʻi ākea e kiʻi i nā kiʻi o kahi 7 cm ke kiʻekiʻe ma o 5 cm ākea. Ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi ma luna o ka pepa paʻa paʻa i ana 10cm a 6cm. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hana i kaulana loa ʻia ma ke ʻano he "Visiting Cards", kahi inoa i lawe ʻia mai Palani, carte de visite, a kāleka ʻoihana paha i ka hoʻohana kaulana, ma ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa. Aia kekahi ʻano nui aku, i ʻike ʻia ma ke kāleka Boudoir, nona ka nui 15cm ke kiʻekiʻe e 10 cm ka laulā; akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kona hoʻohana e like me ka makemake.
Ma ke ʻano he ana kalepa, ua hana ʻo Disderi, i Mei 1859, he kiʻi o Napoleon III, āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he kāleka ʻoihana a ʻoluʻolu loa ia, ʻoiai e kūʻai aku ana he mau kaukani kope i kekahi mau lā. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻohālike ʻia ʻo ia e ka mea paʻi kiʻi Pelekane ʻo John Jabex Edwin Mayall nāna, i ka 1860, i hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ʻo Queen Victoria a me Prince Albert ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Buckingham. Ua like ka kūleʻa me kāna hoa hana Palani, ʻoiai ua hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i nā Kāleka ʻoihana i nā nui. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, i ka wā i make ai ke keiki aliʻi, ua lilo nā kiʻi i mea waiwai nui ʻia. Me nā Kāleka ʻoihana, ua hana ʻia nā album i nā pono like ʻole e mālama i nā kiʻi. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau album i mea waiwai nui o ka ʻohana, me nā kiʻi o nā ʻohana a me nā hoa aloha a me nā poʻe kaulana a me nā lālā o ke aliʻi. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia lākou i nā wahi hoʻolālā a ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale.
Ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Kāleka ʻoihana i mea makemake ʻia ma Mekiko; akā naʻe, ua liuliu iki ia, i ka hopena o ka 19 a me ka mua o nā kenekulia 20. Ua koi nui ʻia kēia mau kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i waena o nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaiāulu, i mea e uhi ai iā ia, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lumi paʻi kiʻi he nui i nā kūlanakauhale nui o ka ʻāina, nā wahi e lilo koke i mau kahua pono e ʻike ʻia, no ka poʻe hoihoi i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou kiʻi. kope ʻia i ka albumin.
Ua hoʻohana nā mea paʻi kiʻi i nā pono kūpono āpau no kā lākou haku mele ʻana, e hoʻohana ana i nā set e like me nā mea keaka e hōʻike i ke kiʻi o ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, nā hale aliʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana pū lākou i nā kolamu, nā pale balustrades a me nā balconies i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka plaster, a me nā lako o ka manawa, me ka nalowale ʻole o nā pale nui a me nā mea hoʻonaninani loa.
Ua hāʻawi nā mea paʻi kiʻi i kā lākou mea kūʻai aku i ka helu o nā Kāleka ʻoihana a lākou i noi ai ma mua. ʻO ka pepa albumen, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kiʻi, paʻi ʻia ma ka pepa pahu i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka ʻikepili o ke keʻena paʻi kiʻi ma ke ʻano he ʻike, no laila, ʻo ka inoa a me ka helu wahi o ka hoʻokumu e hele mau me ke kumuhana i hōʻike ʻia. Ma ka laulaha, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻi i ke kua o nā Kāleka Pāʻoihana e kākau i nā leka like ʻole i kā lākou mau mea i loaʻa, ʻoiai lākou e lawelawe ana, ma ke ʻano he makana, i nā hoahānau kokoke loa, i nā ipo a me nā ipo, a i ʻole nā hoa aloha.
Lawelawe nā Kāleka ʻoihana e hoʻokokoke aku i ke ʻano o ka manawa, ma o lākou ʻike mākou i nā kapa komo o nā kāne, nā wahine a me nā keiki, nā kūlana a lākou i lawe ai, nā lako, nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia i nā maka o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻia, a pēlā wale aku. Hōʻike lākou i kahi manawa o ka hoʻololi mau o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. ʻO ka poʻe paʻi kiʻi o ia manawa i hana maikaʻi ʻole i kā lākou hana, hana lākou ia me ka mālama nui a me ka maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena i makemake ʻia, keu hoʻi e hoʻokō i ka ʻae hope loa o kā lākou mea kūʻai aku ke nānā ʻia lākou i kā lākou Kāleka Pāʻoihana, e like me kā lākou i manaʻo ai.
Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko, ʻo nā keʻena kiʻi paʻi kiʻi nui ʻo ia nā kaikaina Valleto, aia ma ka lā 1. ʻO Calle de San Francisco Helu 14, i kēia manawa ʻo Madero Avenue, kāna keʻena studio, i kapa ʻia ʻo Foto Valleto y Cía, kekahi o nā waihoʻoluʻu a kaulana loa o kona manawa. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hoihoi i nā mea kūʻai aku ma nā papahele a pau o kāna hoʻokumu ʻana, aia i loko o kahi hale nona, e like me nā hōʻike o ka manawa i hōʻoia.
ʻO ka hui kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻo Cruces y Campa, aia ma Calle del Empedradillo Helu 4 a ua hoʻololi hou i kona inoa i Photo Artística Cruces y Campa, a me kāna kamaʻilio ma Calle de Vergara No. 1, kekahi o nā hale kaulana o ka hopena. o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaiāulu o Messrs. Antíoco Cruces lāua ʻo Luis Campa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kāna mau kiʻi e ka austerity i ka hui ʻana o ke kiʻi, me ke koʻikoʻi nui i nā helehelena, i loaʻa ma o ka hopena o ka blurring the environment, kahi e hōʻike ana i nā huapalapala wale nō i hōʻike ʻia. I kekahi mau Kāleka ʻoihana, hoʻonoho nā mea paʻi kiʻi i kā lākou mea kūʻai aku i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lako pono nui, i mea e hāʻawi nui ai i ke ʻano a me ka lole o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻo Montes de Oca y Compañía kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia ma Mexico City, aia ma ke alanui 4th. o Plateros No.6, ua hele aku ʻo ia e ka poʻe hoihoi i ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi kiʻi holoʻokoʻa piha, me kahi mea hoʻonaninani maʻalahi, ʻaneʻane hana mau ʻia e nā pale nui ma kekahi wēlau a me kahi kūlike ʻole. Inā makemake ka mea kūʻai aku, hiki iā ia ke kū i mua o kahi o nā kūlanakauhale a i ʻole nā kahiki ʻāina. I loko o kēia mau paʻi paʻi kiʻi, ʻike ʻia ka mana o ke aloha aloha.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi o nā keʻena paʻi kiʻi koʻikoʻi i nā kūlanakauhale panalāʻau nui, ʻo Octaviano de la Mora ka mea kaulana loa, aia ma Portal de Matamoros No.9, ma Guadalajara. Ua hoʻohana pū kēia mea paʻi kiʻi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kāʻei kua, ʻoiai me ke ʻano e pili pono ai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kāna mau paʻi kiʻi i nā ʻono a me nā makemake o kāna mea kūʻai aku. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hopena i makemake ʻia, he hōʻiliʻili nui kāna o nā lako, nā mea kani, nā uaki, nā mea kanu, nā kiʻi, nā pale balconies, a pēlā aku. Ua ʻike ʻia kona kaila e ke kaulike i loaʻa iā ia ma waena o ka pose a me ke kino hoʻomaha o kāna mau mea. Hoʻoulu ʻia kāna mau kiʻi e neoclassicism, kahi o nā pou i ʻāpana o kāna mea hoʻonani.
ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike ʻole i nā mea paʻi kiʻi ʻē aʻe i kaulana e like me Pedro González, ma San Luis Potosí; ma Puebla, nā lumi hōʻikeʻike o Joaquín Martínez ma Estanco de Hombres Helu 15, a i ʻole Lorenzo Becerril ma Calle Mesones Helu 3. ʻO kēia wale nō kekahi o nā mea paʻi kiʻi koʻikoʻi o ka manawa, ka mea e ʻike ʻia kā lākou hana i ka lehulehu. ʻO nā kāleka ʻoihana i kēia lā nā mea hōʻiliʻili a lawe mai iā mākou kokoke i kahi manawa o kā mākou moʻolelo i nalowale i kēia manawa.
