Ke hiki mai ka wā ua ma ka ʻāina komohana hema o Chihuahua, hoʻopuehu ka Tarahumara i ko lākou mau wahi kaʻawale. Pono ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home e hana i nā hana ʻoi loa o ke kaʻapuni mahiʻai, akā ʻike lākou he uku kūpono nā makana no kēia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana.
I ka wā e oʻo ai nā mea kanu a kokoke e ʻohiʻohi, hōʻuluʻulu hou ka poʻe ma ke poʻo o ko lākou kaiāulu e mālama i nā ʻahaʻaina a me nā ʻaha hui: ua hiki mai ka manawa e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka nohona hoʻokele waiwai e hōʻike ana i ka ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua o ka honua a hoʻomaka ka pōʻaiapuni hoʻoliʻiliʻi mai ka hāʻule hope ma loko o Pepeluali a Malaki paha, manawa ke hoʻomaka ka hana mahiʻai o kahi kau hou.
Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina nui o kēia pōʻaiapili iā cE hoʻolauleʻa i ka poʻe haipule, e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā lā kūpono o ka ʻEsetera Kalikimaka a e hoʻohanohano iā Virgin Mary, kekahi o nā akua Katolika hanohano loa i ka ʻāina (ma lalo o ke noi ʻana a ʻO Guadalupe a i ʻole ka Puʻupaʻa o Loreto). I loko o kēia wā, kū i waho kahi kaiāulu kūloko no kona komo pū ʻana i nā ʻaha: aia nō ia nā matachine, nā mea hula e hoʻolaʻa i kā lākou mau hana i ka wahine puʻupaʻa.
ʻOiai nā lā wehe a hoʻopau o nā hana o ka Mākēneki ʻokoʻa ke ʻano, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kaiāulu e nīnau ʻia ana, ka pōʻaiapili o ke kaʻina e ʻoi loa ai kēia i kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa e holo nei ma waena o Kēkēmapa 12 (ʻahaʻaina a ka Puʻupaʻa o Guadalupe) a Ianuali 6 (ʻahaʻaina a nā mōʻī Hemolele).
OLELO HOOLAHA
ʻO nā mea hoʻonohonoho o nā hui Mākēneki kāhea ʻia nā chapeyokos a i ʻole hale pule. ʻO lākou nā mea kāhea lākou i nā mea komo a kuhikuhi iā lākou. He mana ko lākou e aʻo aku i nā lālā o ka hui e ukali ʻole i kā lākou kuhikuhi a ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ia mana Hāpai lākou i ka hahau.
Ka malama o ʻO Chapeyoko hoʻopuni ʻia e ka aura o ka mana a me ka hanohano; ʻO ka poʻe i hana i kēia hui he loea i ka moʻomeheu, a he kuleana nui e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokō kūpono o nā hana a nā mea hula. ʻO ka nā chapeyokos ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ke kapa Matachin, akā hāpai lākou i hoʻokahi pale maka ʻo ia ka lāʻau i kālai ʻia, me kahi ʻumiʻumi a me nā ʻumiʻumi i hana ʻia i ka horsehair a i ka hulu kao. Ke hoʻokani ʻia ka hulahula, ka nā chapeyokos emit kekahi ʻUho me lākou e kuhikuhi ai i ka poʻe hula i kekahi mau loli i ke keʻena choreographic.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā alakaʻi hulahula ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka inoa o mōʻī; hulahula lākou me ka Mākēneki ke alakaʻi nei i nā loiloi, lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka poʻe loea hou a me ka ʻike ʻole, a leʻaleʻa pū kekahi hanohano nui i ke kaiāulu.
ʻO ka helu o nā lālā o kahi hui o Mākēneki loli ka nui; ʻO ka nui e pili ana i ka mana o ka poʻe hoʻonohonoho, ke kekelē o ka hana kuʻuna e mālama ʻia e ke kaiāulu, a me nā hiki waiwai o ka poʻe. ʻO ka hope ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia Pono ʻo Matachin e kūʻai i ko lākou lole a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau.
He mea maʻamau ia no ka poʻe e hana ana e like me Matachin hana ia no a lōʻihi o ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope, akā he loli pū kēia manawa noho. I kekahi mau kaiaulu kahi e mana ai ka mestizo, e like me Cerocahui Y Morelos, hiki i nā wahine ke lilo i ʻāpana o nā hui o Mākēneki; akā naʻe, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hoʻopili wale ʻia o kēia mau kāne.
LOLE LOA
Loaʻa nā lole o nā lole o ka kumu mestizo: ka pālule, ka lole wāwae, nā kāmaʻa me nā kākini (Ua ʻoi aku ka hope ma mua o nā kāmaʻa a kūpono ma luna o nā palule) Ma ka pūhaka, e uhi ana i ke pelvis a me nā puʻupuʻu, nakinaki ʻia ia he bandana kala, ka mea e kau nei ka piko ma waena o nā wāwae, e like me ka malo. E hoʻopau i ke kapa komo, hoʻonoho pū ʻia lākou ʻelua mau ʻulaʻula a pua paha o ka lole pulupulu, mai nā poʻohiwi a i nā kuli.
ʻO paha ke ʻano nui loa o ka lole o ka Mākēneki o ia ka lei aliʻi lawe lākou ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo a nā lūlū a me nā palaki Hāpai lākou i kā lākou mau lima. Hana ʻia ka lei me nā aniani, a i ʻole me nā hui o nā pua i hiki ke hana ʻia i ka lole, ka pepa china a i ʻole ka plastic; kaulaʻi a he nui o nā papa waihoʻoluʻu nunui. Eia kekahi, me nā bandana, uhi ʻia ke kua o ke poʻo a me kahi ʻāpana o ka maka, e hōʻike wale ana i nā maka a me ka ihu.
ʻO ka Mākēneki hāpai lākou i ko lākou lima ʻākau a ʻalalā e peahi mau ana, ʻoiai ka hema e hāpai lākou i pāmaʻa (kahi ʻano peahi e hiki ke lawe i ke kinona o kahi trident), kahi a lākou e kau ai nā lipine kala a me ka lole a i ʻole nā pua ʻili. Kāhea ʻia kēia mea sikawa, i loko o ka ʻōlelo tarahumara ʻo ia hoʻi "pua", kahi huaʻōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka mana o ka maikaʻi. Hoʻomaopopo nā kaʻao i kēlā Mākēneki ua hana ʻia e lilo i koa o ka Puʻupaʻa, a hoʻolōʻihi i nā hopena maikaʻi ma o kā lākou hula a me ka mana maikaʻi, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hope e ka hōʻailona o ka pua.
MUSIC
ʻO nā mea kani e hoʻokani i nā mele e pili pū ana me kēia hulahula ka violin, i kēia mea tarahumara kāhea lākou ravel, Y he kika a kika paha me nā kaula ʻehiku Kauoha ʻia ma ka pālākiō o ʻekolu mau leo i luna a ʻehā hoʻi o lalo. Pili paha kēia kauoha i ke ʻano moʻomeheu i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau helu, ʻoiai no nā ʻōiwi ka ʻekolu ka helu o ke kāne a ʻehā o ka wahine.
ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu o nā mea hoʻokani pila, akā pono ia ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi kitā a me duo violin. ʻO ka mea hope loa ka mea hana hou loa i nā ʻāpana mele no ka mea ke kuleana o ia lawe mai i nā ʻāpana mele, ʻoiai kuʻi ke kīkā i ke kuʻi. Eia kekahi, ke kani o ka ʻalalā hali ʻia e nā mea hula i kumu no kahi pae rhythmic ʻē aʻe e kōkua iā lākou e māka pono i nā ʻanuʻu.
CHOREOGRAPHY
Hana ʻia nā mea hulahula me ke pae kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole binary. Kū ke kūlana o ke kino, ʻoiai ke kahakaha ʻia ka ʻanuʻu me nā kapuaʻi. Ua kāhea ʻia nā kiʻi choreographic maʻamau "Keʻa" (ke kuapo o nā kūlana ma waena o nā lālani ʻelua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka hui o nā mea hulahula): "Kahawai" (kea nā mōʻī ma waena o nā lālani ʻelua, e hoʻopuni ana i kēlā me kēia o nā mea hula) a "Hawewe" (Nā hoʻoneʻe o nā lālā o ka lālani, ka mea e hoʻopuni i kēlā mau mea ʻē aʻe ʻoiai lākou e noho ana ma kahi a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe). Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi neʻe ʻana i nā huli a kēlā me kēia mea hulahula e hana ai iā lākou iho.
Hoʻomaka ka hana i ka wā hoʻokumu ʻia nā lālā o ka hui i ka atrium o ka hale pule, ke alo nei i ke keʻa nui. I ka rythm mele hawewe nā mōʻī i kā lākou mau ʻenalu Y Hoʻomaka ka Matachines i kā lākou mau loiloi. Neʻe nā lālani a puni ke keʻa e aloha iā ia, a ma mua o lākou e māka ai i nā kiko cardinal ʻehā e huli ana i kēlā me kēia. A laila komo lākou i ka hale pule e aloha pū i nā kiʻi laʻa me ke ʻano o ka mahalo a me ka hoʻomana haipule.
Nā hulahula hele i ka pō holoʻokoʻa, kēlā me kēia 'eiwa mau māhele e hana i ka haki. I ke kakahiaka ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo tónari (broth beef unsalted), a ma hope o ka ʻaina kakahiaka hoʻoikaika kino ka Mākēneki hoʻomaka hou kā lākou mau mea hou.
I kēia mau hoʻolauleʻa ʻaneʻane lākou e hana mau huakaʻi i ka mea a ka luna hoʻomalu o ke kaiāulu, na umi (ʻekolu mau kaikamahine a mau kaikamahine paha e hāpai i nā kiʻi laʻa) a me ka lehulehu lehulehu.
Wehe ʻia kēlā me kēia kaʻina e ʻekolu ʻāpana o nā matachine, nā mea e alakaʻi iā ia me kā lākou mau mea hoʻokani pila. Inā loaʻa ke kahuna ma ka wahi, mālama ʻia ka nui; akā inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nalo ka ka puana ʻana o ka nawésariI nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nā haʻiʻōlelo a nā luna e hāʻawi aku ai e paipai i kēlā me kēia e hana maikaʻi, e hana i loko o ka makahiki a e hoʻomanaʻo i ka nui o ka hana e hoʻolauleʻa ʻia nei.
E hoʻopau i kā lākou hana, ka Mākēneki hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi ʻāpana i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka poʻe hulahula ʻelua lālani e kū pono ana kekahi i kekahi, hoʻololi lākou nā pā o kā lākou mau pāma a me nā wāwae e hana ana i hoʻopili ʻia me ka mea hulahula i mua o lākou. Hana ʻia kēia hana i ka atrium a hana hou ʻia i loko o ka luakini.
NA MEA HIKI LOA
ʻO ka maikaʻi a ʻo ka Mei He mau hui ko Sonora Mākēneki, hoʻolaʻa ʻia hoʻi i ka hoʻomana o ka Puʻupaʻa. TO lulai Iulai kekahi o nā hanana nui a nani hoʻi o ka maikaʻi huina haneli o Mākēneki a me na luna haipule o ka Nā Kaiāulu ʻEwalu. ʻO ke kumu o ke kāhea ʻana e hāʻawi i kāna mau hana i ka Puʻupaʻa o ke Ala, nona ke keʻena kapu ma ke kaona i kapa ʻia Loma de Bácum.
No kā lākou ʻāpana tepehuanos ʻākau, hoalauna o tarahumara, ʻoiai no lākou kekahi lālā ʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana ʻōlelo Kukahiko, kaʻana like me lākou i ka ka hulahula a nā matachine, i waena o nā ʻano moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Hoihoi, eia naʻe, i waena o nā hui ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe i ka wahi moʻomeheu o komohana komohana o Mexico, ke kuʻuna o ka Mākēneki ua nalowale a malia paha ʻaʻole.
Ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi wahi me nā moʻomeheu ʻōiwi he nui i ke komohana ʻākau o Mexico, nā hui lāhui i hui ʻia ma lalo o kēia huaʻōlelo ʻO Keresan, Taos, Tewas a me Tiwas poʻe, mālama lākou ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hulahula, akā kekahi mau kaao e pili ana i kona kumu. ʻLelo lākou ua hoʻolauna ʻia ia, mai ka hema, e Moctezuma, kahi akua ʻInia nāna i ʻaʻahu i ka lole ʻEulopa a nāna i wānana i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe keʻokeʻo, e aʻo ana i ka poʻe Indians e hui pū me lākou, akā ʻaʻole e poina i kā lākou hana a me nā hana.
NA KUMU O KA MEA KAHU
ʻO ka kumu Europa o nā hulahula Mākēneki a me nā hulahula ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia mau mea - ʻike ʻia ʻo "Na Keiki Lanakila" aiʻole mai "Moors a me nā Karistiano"- maopopo leʻa. Ma nā ʻaha o ka Honua Kahiko nā hana o ka mattachins i loko o Palani, ka luku ma Italia a ʻo ka moriskentänzer ma Kelemania. ʻOiai ka huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia mudawajjihen, he aha ka manaʻo "Ka poʻe e hele mai he alo aku he alo" a i ʻole "ʻO ka poʻe e kau i ka maka" - e pili ana paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā masks - hiki ke ʻōlelo i kahi kumu ʻAlapia o ka hulahula.
ʻO nā wehewehe o ia manawa e hōʻike nei i ka matachines me he mea hoʻomākeʻaka ka mea i hana ma ka court hors dʻoeuvres. He mau kāne lākou i hulahula i ka pōʻai, lele a hoʻokohukohu hakakā me nā pahi kaua hoʻomākeʻaka; komo lākou i nā mahiole a me nā bele a ukali i ke kaʻina i hoʻonoho ʻia e kahi ʻohe.
ʻO nā keaka mele a me nā loina hana e hana ai i nā "Na Keiki Lanakila", hoʻolauna ʻia i Mekiko e ka Misionari Kakolika, nāna i hoʻohana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai e hoʻokūpaʻa i kā lākou mau hana euanelio, e ʻike nei i ka pili nui a ka poʻe ʻōiwi i pili ai ka hulahula, ke mele a me ke mele. Ua hiki paha i nā mikionali ke manaʻo e hōʻike i ka lanakila o ka poʻe Kalikiano ma luna o ʻO ka mōʻī Aztec Montezuma mahalo i nā keʻena o ka Malinche, i manaʻo ʻia ka mea hoʻohuli mua i Kristiano ma Mexico kahiko.
ʻOiai, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōiwi e hoʻohui i nā mea ʻōiwi i ka hulahula a me ka mele mele. ʻO ka ʻae ʻia o kēia mau mea i pāpā ka luna viceregal i kā lākou hana make ʻana i loko o nā luakini a i ʻole ke atrium o nā hale pule, no ka makaʻu i nā kipi a no ka mea manaʻo lākou i kekahi o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona he pagan; Eia nō naʻe, ua kūleʻa wale kēia ʻano hana repressive i ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā hulahula ma kahi mamao aku o ke akahele mai ka mana Sepania, no ka laʻana, i nā hale o nā Indians alakaʻi. Ua makemake hou kēia mea i ka syncretism me ka hoʻohui o nā mea hou i pili i ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻōiwi. I ka hihia o Mākēneki, ke kumu kumu i aʻo ʻia e ka Nā mikionali Franciscan a me ka poʻe Jesuit ua pau i ka nalowale i waena o nā ʻōiwi o ke komohana ʻākau. ʻO nā mea o ka paraphernalia a me nā lole i hana i nā loli e kū i nā ʻono a me nā kumu i hoʻolauleʻa nui ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōiwi. I ka manawa like, ua haʻalele ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā hale a ua hoʻokau hou ʻia nā hana o kekahi mau huapalapala (e like me nā mōʻī, ka Malinche a me nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka). ʻO ka Hulahula Matachines a laila lilo i hōʻike moʻomeheu o ka Nā kauhale ʻōiwi o Mekiko komohana ʻākau.
HULAI MA NA WAHI O MEXICO
Aia kekahi mau mana o ka Hulahula Matachin i ka moku'āina, kahi e hula ai nā mea e hula ana me ka mahalo no nā makana i loaʻa a i uku ʻia no kahi kauoha a ʻōlelo hoʻohiki paha i hāʻawi ʻia i nā haipule. Hōʻike kekahi mau laʻana he ʻano moʻomeheu kēia hulahula i ʻoi aku i nā palena lāhui, mai ia manawa i wahi i kekahi mau kaiāulu mestizo mai Mekiko ʻākau.
Ma waena o nā hulahula i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano ʻē o nā Matachine Aia kekahi laʻana, ka mea ma Coahuila i kāhea ai "Waterhole", ʻoiai ʻo kēia ka inoa o ke kaiāulu o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Saltillo kahi i hoʻokō ʻia ai ma ke ʻano he hoʻokupu no ka I kaulia ʻia ʻo Kristo Mele. Ma Aguascalientes, Nayarit, Durango, a me Sinaloa hema, lʻAʻole hāpai nā mea hula i nā ʻāʻī a me nā pāma, akā hāpai lākou i ke kakaka a me ka pua, a hāʻawi ka hope i ka inoa o "Hula o ke Kīkū". ʻO ka tepehuanos hema iā lākou kēia hulahula ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o kā lākou kumakaia laʻa. I Zacatecas, kikoʻī i loko o ka kulanakauhale o Guadalupe, he hulahula a noi no ka ua a me ka momona, ka inoa o matlachin ʻo ka mea loaʻa ka hulahula i kēia wahi ua unuhi ʻia "Kanaka huna". I Guerrero, pili ka hulahula i pōʻaiapuni o "Moors a me nā Karistiano", i ka mea ʻokoʻa o "Kealohanui"; ka ka lawe ʻana iā Ierusalema e nā Moors a me ka hoʻokuke ʻana a me ka make ʻana o ia mea e ka lunaʻōlelo lanakila ʻo James. ʻO ka hope loa, ma Tlaxcala, ʻokoʻa loa ka hulahula, akā he ʻano like me nā ʻano like ʻole o Mākēneki: ma laila i kapa ʻia ai nā hui o ka poʻe hulahula Hulahula ʻo "Litters" me ka pane ʻole ʻana i kahi choreography i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia i ke mele o mariachis, e ʻaʻahu me nā pēpē nui i hana ʻia i ka pepa pepa a me ka pepa china me nā kumu holoholona, a hana i nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka a me nā antics i ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana, kahi e hoʻokokoke aku ai i ke ʻano. nā pūʻulu karnival.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 263 / Ianuali 1999
