E ʻike i kēia mea kupaianaha ma Ciudad Universitaria. E pīhoihoi ʻoe ...
Ua pīhoihoi ka poʻe naʻi aupuni i ka wā e mahalo ai lākou i ka māla kupaianaha kahi a Moctezuma II i mahi ai i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i pili i nā ʻāina pāhona mamao, ua ʻākoakoa maikaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia i loko o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ʻelua liga i ka pōʻaiapuni ma Oaxtepec, Morelos. ʻAʻole kēia wale nō kahi laʻana o ka hana ʻana i kahi māla botanical i ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, no ka mea aia kekahi, e like me ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e Nezahualcóyotl ma Texcoco, a i ʻole kekahi mea nui ʻē aʻe o ka nui o Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Ua loaʻa i nā kamaʻāina o mua o Hispanic Mexico kahi hanana kupaianaha e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana, ka ʻike a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i meaʻai, nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, me nā ʻano lāʻau a i ʻole no ko lākou nani wale nō; ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻiliʻili i nā hōʻiliʻili ʻoi loa a me nā mea like ʻole ma o ke kālepa ʻana, diplomacy, a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa.
He kōkua nui kēia i ʻEulopa, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano mea i hoʻolilo ʻia mai ʻAmelika mai, a ua lilo kekahi o lākou i mea nui a me ka moʻomeheu i loko o ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ua hoʻohuli nui i kāna moʻomeheu, me nā kiʻi ʻona ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā kokoleka ʻEulopa ke ʻole ke koko, lawe pololei ʻia mai Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi nā kīʻaha ʻItalia me kā lākou kōmato mai ʻAmelika Hema. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia a hiki i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 16 i hoʻokumu ʻia nā māla hua botanical mua ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, kahi i loaʻa ka holomua nui, a hiki i ka wā e hana ai lākou i nā hōʻiliʻili honua nani, e like me kā Kew Garden, Royal Botanical Garden o ʻEnelani.
Ua hoʻoilina ka Mekiko o kēia lā i ka mahalo, ke aloha a me ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea kanu, i ʻike ʻia i nā pāka a me nā māla, a ʻoiai hoʻi i nā ala maikaʻi a me nā kaola o nā home kūlanakauhale. Ma waho aʻe o ke kuʻuna kaulana, aia kekahi pūnaewele ma ke kūlanakauhale nui a pīhoihoi ʻo Mexico City i kūpono i kā mākou kuʻuna waiwai: ʻo ka Botanical Garden o ka UNAM Institute of Biology, ma nā kahua o Ciudad Universitaria, komohana hema o ka Federal District.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma Ianuali 1, 1959 mahalo i ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā papahana ʻelua - kahi i noi ʻia e ka mea kanu lāʻau huaʻai ʻo Dr. Faustino Miranda a ʻo kekahi e Dr. Efrén del Pozo-, ua loaʻa i ka Botanical Garden nā ʻano e hoʻolilo iā ia i wahi kupaianaha. Aia ia ma ka puʻuwai o Pedregal de San ángel Ecological Reserve, ka puʻukaua nui hope loa o ke kaiaolaola Senecionetum, kahi ʻano scrub kū hoʻokahi i ka honua i ulu ma kēia wahi ma hope o ka hū ʻana o ka lua pele Xitle, ma kahi o 2,250 mau makahiki i hala. a ʻo ia ka mea nui a me ka nui o ke kaolaolaola, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano endemik ʻelua - ʻo ia hoʻi, ulu wale lākou i kahi mālama-: kahi orchid a me kahi cactus (Bletia kūlanakauhale a me Mammillaria san-angelensis, pākahi). Hana kēia i ka Botanical Garden i kahi oasis o ka nani kūlohelohe, kahi paradaiso, kahi ākea o ka lau nahele a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana, kahi e komo wale ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu i kahi lewa ʻokoʻa, maʻemaʻe a hou hoʻi.
ʻOi aku ka māla ma mua o kahi wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō; Ma o ia mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi huakaʻi ʻoluʻolu loa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e mahalo ana i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia; Eia hou, hāʻawi ke kula i nā huakaʻi alakaʻi, nā hālāwai kūkā, nā ʻaha kūkā, nā audiovisual, nā papa a me nā ʻahamele mele kahiko paha. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā ia kahi lumi no nā hōʻike wā pōkole, kahi hale kūʻai, wahi kaʻa a me kahi hale waihona puke nani, wehe i ka lehulehu, kahi e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e pili ana i ka botany a me ka mahiʻai. hoʻopuni ʻia kēia āpau e kahi kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka Māla kahi wahi no ka hele wāwae a me ke aʻo ʻana wale nō; Hana nā kime o nā kānaka noiʻi mai nā ʻano papa like ʻole i loko: nā mea kanu huaola, nā kālaihonua, nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā meaola lāʻau a me nā anthropologists, i mea e hoʻolaha aku ai i nā mea ʻino e pau i ka make, a i ʻole kekahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka ʻike kuʻuna o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau o nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi o ko mākou ʻāina nui.
He ʻelua ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa nā ka Botanical Garden: ʻo ka Faustino Miranda Greenhouse, aia ma ke kula, a me ka māla waho, ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema, ma hope o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Olumepika o Mekiko ʻ688. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka māla i waho i nā wahi like ʻole e like me nā lau nahele i hōʻike ʻia i loko o lākou, a laila e loaʻa ai ka ʻike maikaʻi o ia wahi. Aia nā ʻāpana maloʻo a me ka hapa ʻole, ka National Agavaceae Collection, ka Doctora Helia Bravo-Hollis Desert Garden, nā mea kanu mai nā wahi mehana, mai ka ululāʻau wela-wela, kahi no nā mea kanu pono a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me kahi mālama mālama kaiaola.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā kaiaolaola maloʻo a semi-arid ka mea nui, no ka mea ma kahi o 70% o ka moku ʻāina i loaʻa kēia ʻano mea kanu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana i nā mokupuni i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ala hele wāwae e alakaʻi iā mākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona nani o nā hui like ʻole o nā mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i nā wahi me ka ua liʻiliʻi, e like me ka yuccas, me kā lākou pua nani a me ka meaʻala, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i nā ipu nani; ʻo cacti, kahi o ʻAmelika wale nō, e hōʻike mai iā mākou i nā ʻano, nā waihoʻoluʻu, nā pua nani a me nā mana pono a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia. a me ka National Collection of Agaváceas, nona nā ʻelele kaulana loa i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ʻelua mau mea inu Mekiko maʻamau: pulque a me tequila, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano maikaʻi.
Kūpono ka maka i ka Desert Garden Dr. Helia Bravo-Hollis, kahi hōʻiliʻili nani o ka cacti i kapa ʻia ma hope o kekahi o nā lālā hoʻokumu o ka Māla a me kahi mea hana hoihoi hoihoi i kēia lā, kahi a mākou e ʻaiʻē ai, me Dr. Hernando Sánchez i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ka hana maikaʻi loa Ka Cactaceae o Mekiko; Kūkulu ʻia kēia ʻāpana me ka hui pū ʻana me ke aupuni Kepani, ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ka hoʻololi kūwaho. Aia kahi hōʻiliʻili like i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sendai, 300 km ʻākau o Tokyo, Iapana.
Malia paha ʻo ka wahi kahaha nui loa ka mea akahai, i hōʻike ʻia e ka arboretum (ʻo ia hoʻi "hōʻiliʻili o nā lāʻau ola"), i hoʻomaka ʻia ma 1962. I kēia mau lā he hale nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa o ka kiʻekiʻe, ka hāpai ʻana a me ka lau; ke komo ʻana i loko, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i kahi ʻano o ka maluhia, kūlike a me ka hanohano; Hiki iā mākou ke hauʻoli i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pine nui, he mea nui ia ma Mekiko, ʻaʻole wale no nā huahana a mākou e loaʻa ai iā lākou, akā no ka mea aia ka ʻāina ma kahi o 40% o nā ʻano honua. Hiki iā mākou ke nānā i nā cypresses, oyameles, sweetgum, hekili ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he kumu Mekiko, ua ʻāpana o kā mākou flora-, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e noho ana i kahi ākea kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hanu i ka ʻala o ka nahele, hoʻolohe i ke mele a nā manu a ʻike i ka launa me ke kūlohelohe.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea kanu o ka tropical tropical ma waena o ka Faustino Miranda Greenhouse a me ka Manuel Ruiz Oronoz Greenhouse. ʻO ka hope, nona ka palena palena palena palena e ka arboretum, i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1966 me ke kumu o ka noho ʻana i kahi laʻana o nā ʻano mea kupaianaha o nā mea kanu e noho ana i kahi ulu lāʻau ulu. I loko o ia mea hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā lāʻau pāma, nā ferns o nā ʻano like ʻole, piñanonas, orchids, ceiba lāʻau a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui, i kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻāpana terraces, nā māla a me nā pōhaku. I ka hohonu ʻike mākou i kahi loko iʻa me kahi ana liʻiliʻi; ʻo ke kani o ka heleleʻi ʻana o ka wai e heleleʻi ana, a me ka wela a me ka wela e hoʻoliʻiliʻi iā mākou i loko o kahi ululāʻau mahana a ua ... ma ka puʻuwai o Mexico City!
ʻAʻole wale nā mea kanu e leʻaleʻa iā mākou me ko lākou ʻano nani a me nā pua kala me nā ʻala exotic; He mea nui loa ia no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mau ʻāpana nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kaiapuni, keu hoʻi i nā wahi kaona; akā i ka mea hou, loaʻa iā mākou nā huahana he nui mai iā lākou e ʻae iā mākou e ola a, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻoluʻolu i ko mākou ola. No kēia kumu, aia kahi wahi nui i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e hōʻike iā mākou i kekahi mau mea kanu me nā hoʻohana kikoʻī, e like me ka meaʻai, nā mea ʻala, nā essences, nā olonā kūlohelohe a me nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Pono e ʻōlelo kūikawā no ka ʻāpana i nā mea kanu lāʻau, nona ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā mea hoʻohālikelike, ʻaʻole wale mai ke au o kēia manawa, akā mai ka wā o ka naʻi mua. I kēia kumuhana, lawe ka Botanical Garden i mau makahiki he mea nui e hoʻopakele ai i ka ʻike kuʻuna nui o ka lāʻau lāʻau i nā wahi he nui o ko mākou ʻāina, no laila ke hōʻike nei kēia ākea i kahi laʻana maikaʻi o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i loaʻa kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
He ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolu mau makahiki ka hana o ka Botanical Garden i ka hana nui o ka aʻo a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i kā mākou kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe; Hoʻohui ʻia, hana i ka hana ʻepekema e ʻike i nā mea kanu hou me nā hoʻohana kūpono a hoʻopakele paha i nā hana lāʻau kuʻuna maʻamau. I ka pōkole, hōʻike ia i kahi o ka leʻaleʻa olakino, mahalo nui ʻia no mākou o ka poʻe e noho nei i ke kūlanakauhale nui o ka honua.
GREENHOUSE FAUSTINO MIRANDA
Ma ka wahi kula o Ciudad Universitaria aia kahi hale mai waho e like me kahi dome nui me kahi hale translucent, i kūkulu ʻia e nā kumu lāʻau a me nā māla maikaʻi loa. ʻO ia ʻo Faustino Miranda Greenhouse, no ka Botanical Garden o ka Institute of Biology o ka National Autonomous University of Mexico.
Kūkulu ʻia kēia hale hoʻoulu nui 835 m2, kūkulu ʻia a kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1959, me ka ʻike nui ma luna o kahi puha kūlohelohe, kahi huahana o ka mahele kaulike ʻole ʻia ʻana o ka pōhaku lua pele mai ka pele Xitle, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mahele o ka hale kōmahana. Akā, ʻaʻole lawa kēia puha e hoʻokō ai i ke aniau wela-makemake i makemake ʻia; No kēia kumu, pono e kūkulu i kahi hao nui a me ka translucent fiberglass dome e uhi ana i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa, a hiki i kona ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe, 16 mika, me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā kākoʻo ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā paia. Ma ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kaupaku e ʻae ai i ka hele ʻana o ka mālamalama a pale i ka pohō o ka wela, hiki ke mālama i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka waho, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka fluctuation ma waena o ke ao a me ka pō, a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kūpono no nā mea kanu tropical. .
Ua kapa ʻia ka Faustino Mirada Greenhouse ma hope o kekahi o nā lālā hoʻokumu a me ka luna mua o ka UNAM Botanical Garden. Hānau ʻia ma Gijón, Sepania, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka doctorate i ka Natural Science ma ke Kulanui Nui o Madrid, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i Mekiko ma 1939, ma muli o ke kaua kūloko Sepania, a ua komo koke i ka hana noiʻi ma ka Institute of Biology.
ʻO kāna hana ʻepekema nui, ʻoi aku i ke kanalima mau poʻo inoa, ua hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻike o kā mākou flora, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana ana i nā wahi like ʻole i ka Repubalika, e like me Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Yucatán, Nuevo León, Zacatecas a me San Luis. ʻO Potosí, me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kāna aʻo nui loa ʻana ma nā ʻāpana tropical of Mexico, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka Lacandon Jungle.
ʻO kāna hoihoi nui i nā mea kanu a me nā wahi noho o ko mākou ʻāina i crystallized i ka Botanical Garden, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hale kōmaʻomaʻo, kahi kikowaena no ka hoʻopaʻa a mālama ʻana i kekahi o nā kaiaolaola hoihoi loa, akā ʻo ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia: ka ulu lāʻau tropical.
Mahalo i nā kūlana kūikawā o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ka mahana, i hāʻule pinepine ma lalo o 18 ° C, ʻo ka ululāʻau mau ka kaiaola honua nui loa o ka honua i ka biodiversity, ʻoiai he 40% o nā ʻano ʻike like ʻole. akā naʻe, he kumu ia o ka hana kūpono ʻole. I kēia lā, he 10 miliona mau kaona o ka nāhelehele ulu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, luku ʻia hoʻokahi hectare i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu kekona o ka honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi kanahā mau makahiki ʻaʻole e waiho ʻia nā wahi nui o kēia kaiaolaola, a ʻaʻole e nalowale wale nā mea ola, akā e waiho ʻia ke kaulike kinoea o ka lewa i kahi pōpilikia, no ka mea ʻo ka nahele ka hana ʻana i ka oxygen nui a me ka mea ʻohiʻohi dioxide. kalapona.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma Mekiko ua ʻike maka mākou i ka nui o nā wahi o nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau i pau i ka nahele.
Ma muli o kēia kūlana, lawe ka Faustino Miranda Greenhouse i mea nui kūikawā no ka waiho ʻana i kahi laʻana o ka honua kupaianaha o ka ululāʻau tropika, a no ka ʻāpana o kahi ʻoihana e mālama i ka hoʻopakele a me ka mālama ʻana o nā mea ʻaneʻane make, i loaʻa ka waiwai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. , meaʻai, etc.
Ke komo nei i loko o ka hale kōmaʻomaʻo ke manaʻo nei kekahi i kekahi honua ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma laila ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia i nā mauna: nā lāʻau ceiba, nā kumu kope, nā ferns 10 m ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kiʻi i hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia, e piʻi nei nā mea kanu a he loko iʻa maikaʻi me ka hōʻike o nā mea kanu wai, me nā lio a me nā limu.
Hiki ke hele huakaʻi i nā ala like ʻole; alakaʻi ke ala nui iā mākou i ka hōʻiliʻili nani o nā mea kanu tropical; ma o nā lua e komo mākou i nā mea kanu ma luna o nā pōhaku pele, ʻike mākou i nā cicadas a me nā hua paina, nā lāʻau a me nā lianas. ʻAneʻane i ka hopena o ke ala, ma ka pā hale kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā orchids, a ma muli o ka overexploitation i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia e nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a lākou i hiki ai i ka mākeke kū kānāwai ʻole, e nalowale koke nei mai kā lākou wahi maoli.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 250 / Kekemapa 1997
