ʻO ka Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, ma Campeche, me kahi o 750 tausani hectares, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ma Mexico e pili ana i ka nahele ulu lāʻau, me 300 mau ʻano manu a ʻelima o nā pōpoki ʻeono e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Ma kahi o ka hapalua o Calakmul hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi laʻana maikaʻi o nā holoholona mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala. ʻOiai ma mua iki o ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi o ka archaeological, hoʻi kahi martucha a i ʻole ka moʻo i ka pō i kona lua i ka lua o kahi lāʻau Ramona a he ʻelemakule mai ke kuahiwi e hele i ke ala, me ka wikiwiki ʻole. Ma kahi mamao iki aku, ʻimi kahi ʻohana o 20 coatis i nā mea kolo ma lalo o ka lau lau a me kahi ʻaeto nani e hāpai i kahi lālā e hoʻoikaika i kāna pūnana.
A laila ʻo ka pūʻali koa o nā ʻāʻā nunui e hele i ke alo o ka ululāʻau, a ukali ʻia e kekahi mau moʻo spider lele i ka wikiwiki. Nānā kahi touchan iā lākou ke hele lākou ma luna o kona poʻo a hoʻolele iā ia me kēlā kani maʻamau o kāna mele kikeke.
MA KA HOOPAU ANA
E hele wāwae i loko o ka ululāʻau aia kekahi mau kaapuni me nā ala kūikawā no ka poʻe kipa. Ke hele lohi nei mākou i kēia mau ala me ko mākou ʻike i ala ākea, ʻike mākou he ʻekolu nui o ka nahele. Ke nānā mau nei mākou i ka honua e pale i ka hina a no ka makaʻu i nā nahesa; ʻAʻole mākou e nānā i ke poʻo o ka ululāʻau kahi e noho nei he mau kaukani mau ʻano. ʻO kahi ākea e hāʻawi iā ia i ke kolu o ka nui. Ma waho o nā moʻo, nā martuchas, nā haneli he nui o nā manu, nā kolo a me nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, e like me bromeliads, e noho ma laila.
CALAKMUL, ELUA MAUAHI LOA
Ma waho aʻe o kahi o nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka poʻe kiaʻi manu a me nā mea aloha i ke kūlohelohe, ʻo Calakmul ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ka moku waena o ka Mayan Empire, i noho ʻia i ka wā Pre-Classic a me ka Late Classic (ma waena o 500 BC a AD 1000. ). Loaʻa iā ia ka helu nui loa o nā kikokiko dynastic Maya, ʻoiai ua piha i ka stelae, nā mea he nui e lei ana i nā pyramid nui ʻelua, i loko kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe o ka honua Maya, ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia i ka lehulehu.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ke plaza nui o Calakmul, ʻo ia ma Maya ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻelua mau puʻu pili kokoke", hoʻomaka ka noe e hāpai iki aʻe, e waiho ana ma hope o kahi lā mālamalama a me kahi wela wela ikaika. Ke hoʻomau nei ka helehelena i nā wahi āpau. ʻO kahi trogon me nā kala o ka hae Mekiko e nānā pono iā lākou a, i loko o ka lāʻau like, neʻe neʻe kahi momot me kāna huelo i ke ʻano o kahi pendulo. Ua piʻi mākou i ka pyramid nui nui, kahi hale aliʻi kūikawā no kona kiʻekiʻe a me nā ana, ka mea e hoʻomalu i ka ululāʻau holoʻokoʻa.
KA VOLCANO DE LOS BATS
Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o kahi mālama, kahi ana hohonu i ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻaoʻao kahi home o kahi lehulehu o nā opeapea. Noho ke ana pōhaku i ka lalo o ka hale ma lalo o 100 mau mika ka hohonu i kāna kī ʻoi loa. I ka iho ʻana, pono pono nā pono caving kūikawā a me kahi pale pale, no ka mea, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻōpe guano i ke ana e loaʻa ai ka fungus histoplasmosis.
Puka lākou i kēlā me kēia pō mai ka waha o ke ana, e like me ka pele mai ka lua pele. No nā hola he ʻekolu a ʻoi aku, puka mai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he nui a hāʻawi aku i kekahi o nā hiʻina kūlohelohe kupaianaha loa e nānā i ka mālama. ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia kēia wahi a he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe noiʻi a me nā hui mālama e kipa mai i kēlā me kēia manawa.
He mea nui loa nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā ulu lāʻau. Aia he 10,000 mau ʻano māmela i ʻike ʻia i ka honua, a he ʻeʻeu ka hapanui o lākou. Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke ʻai ma mua o 1,200 mau mākeke i like me ka makika i kēlā me kēia hola a no laila maikaʻi loa i ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā opeapea hua ka mea hoʻolaha nui a me nā mea pollinator i ka nahele. 70% o nā huaʻai pāhihi i hele mai mai nā ʻanoʻano pollination e lākou, e like me ka mango, guava a me soursop.
KA HANA MAU
Me ke kanalua ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mālama ke ola inā ʻaʻole loaʻa i kāna poʻe kamaʻāina nā kumumanaʻo e hoʻohana pono ai i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe i kahi ala hoʻomau, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻohana ai iā lākou i ke ala kūpono, e ʻae ana i kā lākou hoʻohou mau.
No laila, ua lilo i ka beekeeping kekahi o nā hana i hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia e nā ejidatarios o ka ʻāina. Hāʻawi ka hana ʻana o ka meli i ka poʻe mahiʻai e noho i ka ululāʻau me ka ʻole o ke kua ʻana i kā lākou kumu lāʻau makamae e hoʻolauna i ka pipi a i ʻole ka palaoa. Hoʻopau kēia mau mea kanu i ka lepo a hoʻopau i ka waiwai nui loa o kēia ʻāina: kona mea ola.
ʻO kekahi hana hoʻomau hoʻomau, inā e hoʻokō pono ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau chicozapote no ka unuhi ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena me ka huaʻai i hana ʻia. Mai ka makahiki 1900, he ulu ikaika kā ka wahi i ulu i ka 1940s me ka unuhi ʻana o ka chewing gum a, i nā makahiki 60 o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻololi ka ʻoihana lāʻau i ka chiclema ma ke ʻano he hana nui.
Ua pau i ka muʻu naue e ka poʻe Mayans kahiko a lilo ia i huahana i puni ka honua i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo James Adams e ʻai ana ka Pelekikena Santa Anna iā ia. Ua hana ʻo Adams a kaulana i ka honua huahana, hoʻohuihui iā ia me nā mea ʻono a me ke kō.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka chewing gum a mākou e ʻai mau ai ka mea synthetically, me nā ʻaila ʻaila. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana chicle i nā ejidos like ʻole. ʻO kekahi ma Nowemapa 20, ma ka hikina o kahi mālama. Hana ʻia ka chicle extraction i ke kau ua, mai Iune a Nowemapa, ke hana pono ka lāʻau chicozapote. Akā ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki, e pale aku i ka lāʻau mai ka maloʻo a make.
ʻO kēia mau kaomi a pau ka hopena o ke kaiaola i loko o kēia ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka mālama ʻana o Calakmul Biosphere Reserve i kahi o nā wahi kūlohelohe maikaʻi loa ma Mexico a, me ke kānalua ʻole, ka ʻāina o ka jaguar.
E HELE ANA MA CALAKMUL, KA MEA HANA NUI
ʻO ia ka ʻāina o ka nui a me ka ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole ia he nui nā poʻe o kahi ʻano hoʻokahi. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ʻane ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia. ʻO nā kumulāʻau pū kekahi o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. He ʻokoʻa ka naonao o kekahi lāʻau i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Aia paha he kumu pepa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ʻekolu km mai kahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano like. He loea lākou āpau i kekahi mea. ʻO kahi laʻana, he nui nā mea kanu me nā pua melemele e wehe i ka lā e pollination ʻia e nā pi. No lākou, nā mea me nā pua keʻokeʻo, i ʻike maka ʻia i ka pō, e wehe ʻia no ka pollination e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. No laila, ke hoʻopau ʻia kahi hectare hoʻokahi o ka ululaau, hiki ke nalowale nā ʻano mea a mākou e ʻike ʻole ai.
