Ua hāʻawi ka ʻokoʻa lāhui o nā panalāʻau o Oaxacan i ka ʻeuanelio i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Nu Sepania; ʻoiai ma ke ʻano nui ua ukali ʻia ke kulekele like e pili ana i ke ala o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka moʻomeheu Komohana.
Ua hāʻawi ka ʻokoʻa lāhui o nā panalāʻau o Oaxacan i ka ʻeuanelio i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Nu Sepania ʻoiai ma ke ʻano nui ua ukali ʻia ke kulekele like e pili ana i ke ala o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka moʻomeheu Komohana.
Agroso modo, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ma Oaxaca he mea nui a koʻikoʻi loa ka hana a ka halepule mendicant ma mua o nā kāhuna pule. ʻO ka hōʻoia o kēia nā ʻaha kūkā nui e kū mau nei; ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai nā Dominicans, "nā mea hana i ka lāhui Oaxacan." Eia nō naʻe, ua ulu ka mana i luna o ka lāhui ʻōiwi i kekahi mau manawa, i nā hana kolohe.
Kaulana nā ʻaha kūkā o ka Mixteca Alta no nā kumu he nui: Tamazulapan, Coixtlahuaca, Tejupan, Teposcolula, Yanhuitlán, Nochixtlán, Achiutla a me Tlaxiaco, i waena o nā mea nui loa; i nā awāwa waena, me ke kanalua ʻole, ʻo ka hale kupaianaha nui loa ka hale kipi o Santo Domingo de Oaxaca (Hale Makua o ka Panalāʻau a me ke Kulanui o nā Haʻawina Nui), akā ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina i nā hale o Etla, Huitzo, Cuilapan, Tlacochahuaya, Teitipac a Jalapa de Marqués (i kēia mau lā ua nalo), me nā mea ʻē aʻe; ʻaneʻane kokoke i ke ala a pau i Tehuantepec. I loko o kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hale e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻaoʻao kuhikuhina like, "hana" ʻia e nā poʻe mendicants i ke kenekulia 16: atrium, hale pule, kahu lāʻau a me ka māla mea kanu. I loko o ia mau mea, ʻike ʻia nā ʻono a me nā ʻono noʻeau a nā Paniolo i lawe mai ai, a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo plastik, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kālai ʻana, o ka hanauna Hispanic.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopili palakiko piha, kū i waho ka nui o kēia mau hale hana: ʻo atria ākea ma mua o nā ʻaha, ʻo ia ʻo Teposcolula kekahi o nā mea nui loa.
Hiki i nā hale pule hāmama ke "ʻano niche" - e like me ma Coixtlahuaca - a i ʻole me nā nū e like me Teposcolula a me Cuilapan. No nā hale pule, kēlā ʻo Yanhuitlán, no nā kumu he nui, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa. ʻO ka mea ʻino ʻaneʻane he ʻāpana seismic nā ʻāina āpau o Oaxacan; No kēia kumu, ua luku pinepine nā ʻōlaʻi i nā kāhili kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona ʻano kahiko, e like me Etla a i ʻole Huitzo. ʻO nā māla conventual, no nā kenekulia, ka haʻaheo o ka hoʻomana Dominican, nāna i ulu nā mea kanu o ka ʻāina, ma kahi o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu mai Castile.
Eia nō naʻe, aia i loko o nā hale pule kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka momona o ka trousseau i kāhiko ʻia ai lākou: nā pena mural, nā ʻāpana kuahu, nā papa ʻaina a me nā pena aila, nā kiʻi a me nā mea pono, nā mea hana, nā mea hana gula a me nā lole haipule e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai a me ka lokomaikaʻi. o ka poʻe i uku no ia (mau kanaka a me nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi).
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻaha kūkā kahi e hoʻomālamalama ai ka lāhui o ke komohana: me ke aʻo ʻana o ka hoʻomana Katolika, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻenehana hou e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi e hoʻohana i ka honua.
ʻO nā mea kanu i hele mai kahi mamao loa (ka palaoa, kō, kō, kumu lāʻau) i hoʻololi i ka lauana ʻo Oaxacan; loli i hoʻonui i ka piʻo - ka nui a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi - e hele mai ana ma ʻō aku o ke kai (bipi, kao, lio, puaʻa, manu a me nā holoholona laka). A ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mahi ʻana o ka silkworm ʻaʻole pono e nalowale, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻulaʻula i mea e pono ai, no ʻekolu mau kenekulia, o ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā wahi like ʻole o Oaxaca.
I nā ʻaha kūkā pū kekahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai didactic ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me ke mele, nā hana noʻeau a me nā hulahula), ua aʻo nā poʻe haipule i nā kamaʻāina i nā ʻike mua o kahi moʻomeheu ʻuhane o kahi hōʻailona ʻokoʻa loa mai kā lākou i loaʻa ai ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka naʻi aupuni. i ka manawa like, ke aʻo nei i nā hana ʻenekini i ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kiʻi o ka ʻōiwi Oaxacan.
Akā he kūpono ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻole ʻana ua aʻo nā mākua i nā ʻōlelo ʻōiwi he nui, a ʻo Zapotec a me Mixtec ka mea i aʻo ʻia. ʻO nā puke wehewehe'ōlelo, nā ʻōlelo aʻo, nā mamala'ōlelo, nā haipule, nā haʻiʻōlelo, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i nā ʻōlelo vernacular, i kākau ʻia e nā mōʻī Dominican, nui. ʻO nā inoa o Fray Gonzalo Lucero, Fray Jordán de Santa Catalina, Fray Juan de Córdoba a me Fray Bernardino de Minaya, kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa o ke kaiāulu o nā haʻi haʻiʻōlelo i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Oaxaca.
I kēia manawa, ua ʻike maka ʻia nā kāhuna pule kēia ma nā ʻāina ʻo Oaxacan mai ka wā kinohi; ʻoiai ua kūkulu ʻia ka pīhopa o Antequera, ʻo ka mea paʻa ʻelua mau makahiki he iwakālua (1559-1579) he Dominican: Fray Bernardo de Alburquerque. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻoholo paʻa loa ka lei aliʻi e noho kolohe nā bihopa. I ke kenekulia 17, nā kāhuna pule kaulana e like me Don Isidoro Sariñana a me Cuenca (Mekiko, 1631-Oaxaca, 1696), ke kanona o ka Hale Pule Nui o Mekiko, i hōʻea i Oaxaca i ka makahiki 1683, i noho aliʻi ma luna o ka pāpale.
Inā kū ka ʻaha i ka noho ʻana o nā kahunapule mendicant i nā wahi like ʻole o ka mea, i loko o kekahi mau hale pule a me nā hale pule - nona ka ʻaoʻao kuhikuhipuʻuone i ʻike ʻokoʻa - ʻike ʻia ke kaha o nā kāhuna pule. ʻOiai ua huki ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Antequera e ka mea kūkulu hale ʻo Alonso García Bravo, ua noho ka hale pule ʻo Oaxaca i kekahi o nā pūnaewele nui a puni ka square; ʻo ka hale e kūkulu ai i ka ʻike o ka episkopal i huki ʻia a kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia 16, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hale pule o ʻekolu mau pua me nā hale kiaʻi māhoe.
Me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a ma muli o nā ōlaʻi i hoʻopōʻino iā lākou, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 18, e lilo ana i hale haipule koʻikoʻi i ke kūlanakauhale, keu hoʻi mai kahi manaʻo hoʻomalu; ʻO kona pale alo nunui i ka quarry ʻōmaʻomaʻo kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka Oaxacan Baroque. ʻAʻole mamao loa mai ia - a ma kahi ʻano hoʻokūkū me ia - kū i ka hale ʻaha ʻo Santo Domingo a me ka hale kapu Nuestra Señora de la Soledad. ʻO ka mea mua o lākou, me ka Chapel o ka Rosary, kahi laʻana pristine o ka hana plaster i loaʻa ka waiwai nui ma Puebla a me Oaxaca; i loko o kēlā hale kiʻi kiʻi a me ke aʻo hoʻomana e hele pū i loko o ka lima, i hoʻohuli ʻia i mele hīmeni mau loa i ka nani o ke Akua a me ke kaʻina Dominican. A ma ka papakaukau nui o La Soledad aia kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka theology a me ka mōʻaukala nona nā kiʻi i loaʻa i nā pule mua a ka poʻe kūpaʻa, ma mua o ke kūlou ʻana i mua o ka wahine ʻehaʻeha.
Nui nā luakini a me nā hale pule ʻē aʻe e hoʻonohonoho i ke kiʻi kūlanakauhale o Oaxaca a me nā wahi a puni. akahai loa kekahi, e laʻa me Santa Marta del Marquesado; ʻo nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, me nā waihona waiwai he nui ʻole, e hōʻike nei i ka waiwai o Antequera: ʻo San Felipe Neri, piha i nā kuahu gula, San Agustín me kāna portal kokoke filigree; hoʻonāukiuki hou kekahi i nā ʻano haipule ʻē aʻe: Mercedarians, Jesuits, Carmelites, me ka poina ʻole ʻana i nā lālā like ʻole o ka haipule, nona ke alo i loko o nā hale hana nui e like me ka hale pule kahiko o Santa Catarina a i ʻole ka hale ʻaha o La Soledad. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona inoa a me nā kaulike, nā hui o Los Siete Príncipe (ʻo Casa de la Cultura i kēia manawa) e pīhoihoi nei iā mākou, a me nā ʻaha kūkā o Kapalakiko, Carmen Alto a me ka hale pule o Las N maling.
ʻO ke ʻano hana noʻeau o kēia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i hala ma ʻō aku o nā awāwa a hiki ke mahalo nui ʻia i nā wahi mamao e like me ka Sierra de Ixtlán. ʻO ka hale pule o Santo Tomás, ma ke kaona hope, ua kūkulu a kāhiko ʻia e nā mea hana lima mai Antequera. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka luakini o Calpulalpan kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea e mahalo nui ai, inā ʻo kāna hoʻolālā a i ʻole nā kuahu kuahu i piha i nā kiʻi gula.
