I kēia manawa ua māhuahua iki ka mahiʻai ʻo San José del Carmen ma muli o ke kaʻina o ka manawa, akā ʻo ka nui a me ka hanohano o kāna kūkulu ʻana e hōʻike ana i kona manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka ʻāina.
I kēia manawa ua māhuahua iki ka mahiʻai ʻo San José del Carmen ma muli o ke kaʻina o ka manawa, akā ʻo ka nui a me ka hanohano o kāna kūkulu ʻana e hōʻike ana i kona manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka ʻāina.
ʻO Salvities (Salvador Unknown Mexico No. 263) kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Guanajuato, a no ia kumu he hui ia me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo mōʻaukala he nui ʻole, kahi e kū ai nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me Huatzindeo. , ʻo San Nicolás de los Agustinos, ʻo Sánchez, ko Guadalupe a me ko San José del Carmen. ʻO ka hope ka mea e kamaʻilio ai mākou i kēia manawa.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo San José del Carmen e like me nā haciendas ʻo Mekiko: ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau hāʻawi ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia e ka Paniolo Palani i nā poʻe noho mua o ka ʻāina hou.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻAukake 1, 1648, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā ʻohana pule o ke kauoha Carmelite, i noho ma Salvatierra i kēia manawa, i ke aloha o nā pūnaewele ʻelua: ʻo kahi lime a ʻo kekahi i kahi waiho kālā, ua hana ʻia kēia me ke kumu o ka haipule e kūkulu i ka hale konikona i kūkulu ʻia i loko o kēlā mau latitude. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, i Mei 1650, ua lawe kēia mau mōneka Carmelite i ʻehā caballerias ʻāina (ma kahi o 168 hectares) ma mua pono o kahi o ka pā lime a me ke kahawai ʻo Tarimoro; ma hope, ua loaʻa kahi kahua ma kahi o 1 755 hectares, no ka pipi nui ia. Ma ʻOkakopa 1658 ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi pūnaewele ʻekolu a me nā caballerias ʻē aʻe.
Me he mea lā ʻaʻole lawa kēia, i ka makahiki 1660 ua kūʻai nā mālele i nā caballerias he ʻumikumamālima mai Doña Josefa de Bocanegra. Me kēia mau ʻāina āpau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka waiwai ʻo San José del Carmen.
Me ka maopopo ʻole o ke kumu, i ka 1664 ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Carmelites e kūʻai aku i ka māla iā Don Nicolás Botello no 14,000 pesos. I ka manawa o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia hana, ua hala mua ka hacienda i ke kahawai ʻo Tarimoro, i ka ʻākau; ma ke komohana me nā waiwai o Francisco Cedeño, a ma ka hema me ke ala kahiko i Celaya.
I ka make ʻana o Don Nicolás (ʻo ia ka mea nāna i mālama i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiwai i hoʻoilina nui ʻia) ua hoʻoilina ʻia kāna waiwai e kāna mau keiki, akā ʻoiai he ʻaiʻē nui lākou i ka ʻaha Convent Carmen de Salvatierra, ua hoʻoholo lākou e kūʻai hou aku i ka waiwai i ka poʻe pule pule. ʻO ka ʻaelike o ke kūʻai ʻana i hana ʻia ma Nowemapa 24, 1729, ma waena o ke kēkelē laʻa ʻo Miguel García Botello a me ka hale ʻeka i ʻōlelo ʻia. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i ka hacienda he 30 caballerias o nā mea kanu a ʻeono mau pūnaewele no nā bipi nui.
A hiki i ka makahiki 1856, i ka wā i paʻa ai ke kānāwai kāʻili, aia iā San José del Carmen ke kauoha Carmelite, ma hope o kēlā makahiki ua lilo ka waiwai i ka lāhui a hāʻule nui kāna hana.
I ka makahiki 1857 ua kudala ʻia ka hacienda ma mua o Maximino Terreros a me M. Zamudio, akā no ka hiki ʻole iā lākou ke uku piha i ka pila, i Kēkēmapa 1860 ua kūʻai hou ʻia ka waiwai. Loaʻa kēia manawa iā Manu Godoy, nāna e mālama iā ia i kāna waiwai no 12 mau makahiki. I ʻAukake 1872, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Godoy i ka hacienda i kekahi Kapalakiko ʻo Llamosa, kahi mea hoʻolaha ma Sepania nāna i hōʻiliʻili i kahi kālā he nui ma ke kauoha ʻana i kahi pūʻulu ʻaihue e holoholo ana i ka puʻu ʻo Culiacán a i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Los buches amarillos
I ka wā o Porfiriato, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo San José del Carmen ma ke ʻano he mahiʻai i hana nui ʻia ma ia wahi. Ma hope o 1910, ua pau ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina hacienda e mahi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana "limahana o ka lā" a hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia e nā "sharecoppers.
ʻO ka San José del Carmen hacienda, me ka neʻe kipi a me nā hopena i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina, ua pau ka waiwai nui ma mua o 12,273 hectares e puʻunaue ʻia i waena o kāna poʻe hana a me nā limahana ma mua.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka "hale nui", ka hale pule, kekahi mau hale papaʻa a me ka pā palena e mālama ia i mālama ʻia ma ka waiwai o San José del Carmen. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea nona ia manawa, ʻo Mr. Ernesto Rosas, i mālama e mālama iā ia, ua aneane hiki ʻole ke pale aku iā ia mai ka hōʻino ʻana.
ʻOiai ʻo Don Ernesto a me kona ʻohana pinepine i kēia wahi i nā hopena pule, ua kōkua lākou ia mea i hana ʻia kekahi mau hanana koʻikoʻi o ka mokuʻāina ma laila.
He mea kūpono e haʻi ʻia ʻoiai ʻaʻole hāmama ka hacienda i ka lehulehu, inā ʻoe e kamaʻilio me ka mea nona a wehewehe i ke kumu o kā mākou kipa ʻana, ʻae ia i ke komo ʻana i loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa kūpono e nānā ai i nā lako manawa, e like me nā kapuahi hao. i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā "pahu hau" lāʻau, me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā lawelawe
Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Salvatierra hiki ke ʻike i nā lawelawe āpau e pono ai ka malihini kipa, e like me ka noho ʻana, nā hale ʻāina, ke kelepona, ka pūnaewele, nā halihali lehulehu, a pēlā aku.
Inā hele ʻoe i SAN JOSÉ DEL CARMEN
Haʻalele iā Celaya, hele i ke alaloa pekelala no. 51 a ma hope o 37 km o ka huakaʻi e hōʻea ʻoe i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Salvatierra. Mai aneʻi, e hele i ke ala nui a hiki i Cortázar a 9 km wale nō ʻoe e ʻike ai iā Hacienda de San José del Carmen.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 296 / ʻOkakopa 2001
