ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka Mekiko i hala e hele nei i ka wehe ʻana; ʻO ka Sigüenza Codex kahi mea waiwai nui a mākou i ʻike ai i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o kēia kaona kūpuna.
ʻO nā codices, nā palapala o ka moʻomeheu mua-Hispanic i hana ʻia e kahi tlacuilo a mea kākau ʻōlelo paha, hiki ke hoʻomana, no ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kāhuna o nā hoʻomana like ʻole, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia lākou i nā mea waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kau inoa kīwila a waiwai paha a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻouna ʻia i ka hanana hanana moʻolelo nui. I ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka poʻe Sepania a hoʻokau i kahi moʻomeheu hou, ua nalowale loa ka hana ʻana i nā codices hoʻomana; Eia nō naʻe, ʻike mākou i kahi helu nui o nā palapala me nā pictogram e kuhikuhi ana i nā panalāʻau kikoʻī, kahi e hoʻopau ai i nā waiwai a i ʻole hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā mea like ʻole.
ʻO ka Codex Sigüenza
He kūlana kūikawā kēia codex, he mōʻaukala kāna kumuhana a pili pū me nā kumu o nā Aztecs, ko lākou huakaʻi huakaʻi a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale hou o Tenochtitlan. ʻOiai ua hana ʻia ma hope o ka Naʻi Aupuni, ke hōʻike nei ia i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiona o nā moʻomeheu ʻōiwi. Hiki ke hōʻoia he pilikia nui ka pilikia e like me ka neʻe Aztec no kēlā poʻe, i hōʻea i ke awāwa ʻo Mekiko i nele i ka wā hanohano.
Ma loko o ka palapala ʻelua mau honua ʻokoʻa e hui pū a hui pū. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kanaka Renaissance, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inika holoi me ka palena ʻole o ka contour, ka leo, ke kiʻi manuahi a ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka shading a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o glosses i ka pīʻāpā Latin, e hoʻoholo ai i ka mana o ʻEulopa i lilo i intrinsic i ka ʻōlelo ʻōiwi. hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa i hana ʻia ai ka codex, paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale. Eia nō naʻe, ke kuʻuna nā kuʻuna i mau mau kenekulia i loko o ka ʻuhane o ka tlacuilo e hoʻomau me ka ikaika nui a no laila ke ʻike nei mākou e hōʻike mau ʻia ana nā inoa kiʻekiʻe a me nā glyphs me ka puʻu ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona wahi. hōʻike ʻia ke ala me nā kapuwaʻi wāwae; mau ka mānoanoa o ka laina contour me ka hoʻoholo ʻana; mālama ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ka palapala ʻāina me ka Hikina ma ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe, ʻokoʻa ka kuʻuna ʻEulopa kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka ʻĀkau e like me ke kiko kuhikuhi; Hoʻohana ʻia nā pōʻai liʻiliʻi a me ka hōʻike o ka xiuhmolpilli a i ʻole ka pūʻā o nā koʻokoʻo e kaha i nā hala manawa; ʻAʻohe palena, a ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo e hana i nā kiʻi paʻi a hāʻawi ʻia ke kauoha o ka heluhelu ʻana e ka laina e hōʻailona ana i ke ala hele malihini.
E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, no ka poete kaulana a me ka mea akeakamai ʻo Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645-1700) ka Sigüenza Codex. Aia kēia palapala waiwai nui i ka National Library of Anthropology and History of Mexico City. ʻOiai makemake ka naʻi Sepania e ʻoki i kekahi pilina me ka wā i hala, ʻo kēia codex he hōʻoiaʻiʻo maoli o ka hopohopo ʻōiwi, o ka nānā ʻana i ka wā i hala a me nā aʻa moʻomeheu o ka Mexico, ʻoiai ua nāwaliwali, ua maopopo ko lākou noho ʻana i loko o ke kenekulia. XVI.
Hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi
E like me ka ʻōlelo a ka moʻolelo kaulana, haʻalele ka poʻe Aztec i ko lākou ʻāina hānau ʻo Aztlán ma lalo o ka aegis o ko lākou akua ʻo Huitzilopochtli (ka hummingbird hema). I ka wā o ka huakaʻi loihi e kipa lākou i nā wahi like ʻole a e lawe ka tlacuilo a mea kākau iā mākou e ka lima ma o ka wili ʻana o ke ala. He moʻolelo ia o nā ʻike, nā lanakila a me nā pōpilikia, ka syncretism ma waena o nā kaʻao hoʻokalakupua a me ka mōʻaukala i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hoʻokele o ka wā i hala no kahi hana politika. Hoʻolahalaha ka mana Aztec mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Tenochtitlan, a hoʻopuka hou ka Mexico i ko lākou mau kaʻao e kū he lehulehu o nā kūpuna hanohano, ʻōlelo lākou he moʻopuna lākou na Toltecs a kaʻana like i ko lākou aʻa me ka Colhuas, no laila ʻo Colhuacan i ʻōlelo mau ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka pūnaewele mua a lākou e kipa aku ai ʻo Teoculhuacan, e pili ana i ka moolelo Culhuacan a i ʻole Colhuacan, i hōʻike ʻia me ka puʻu kekeʻe ma ke kihi ʻākau o ka wai ʻehā. Ma loko o ka hope hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka mokupuni e hōʻike ana iā Aztlán, kahi e kū kiʻekiʻe ai kahi manu hanohano i mua o kāna poʻe ukali, e koi ana iā lākou e hoʻomaka i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi i kahi ʻāina ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hoʻonohonoho nā kāne iā lākou iho, ma nā ʻohana a i ʻole ka ukali ʻana i kekahi aliʻi. Hōʻaʻahu kēlā me kēia ʻano i kā lākou hōʻailona i hoʻopili ʻia i ko lākou poʻo me kahi laina lahilahi. Hoʻokaʻawale ka mea kākau o ka codex i nā ʻohana he 15 i kū i ka huakaʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia luna e kona aliʻi, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā huapalapala ʻelima i haʻalele mua ʻia e Xomimitl, ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi hele me ka hōʻailona o kona inoa, 'āpana wāwae'; Ua ukali ʻia e ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Huitziton, ma hope ʻo Xiuhneltzin, i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka codex 1567, e loaʻa ana i kona inoa mai xiuh-turquoise, Xicotin a me ka hope loa ʻo Huitzilihuitl, ke poʻo o ka Huitznaha i ʻike ʻia e ke poʻo hummingbird.
Ua hōʻea kēia mau huapalapala ʻelima i Aztacoalco (aztlatl-garza, atl-agua, comitl-olla), kahi i kū ai ka hakakā mua mai ka haʻalele ʻana iā Aztlán, - e like me kēia palapala - a nānā mākou i ka pyramid me ka luakini i kuni ʻia, hōʻailona o ka pio ua hana ʻia ma kēia wahi. Maanei e hui pū ʻia he 10 mau huapalapala a ʻohana paha e hele ma ke ala like i Tenochtitlan, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka mea i poʻo i kēia hui hou a aia kekahi mau mana hou, ʻo ia paha ke aliʻi o ka Tlacochalcas (ʻo ia hoʻi kahi o lākou. mālama ʻia nā pana), ʻo Amimitl (ka mea e hāpai i ke koʻokoʻo Mixcoatl) a i ʻole Mimitzin (ka inoa e hele mai ana mai ka mimitl-arrow), ʻo ka mea aʻe, kahi mea nui e lilo i kuleana nui ma hope ʻo Tenoch (ʻo ka peʻa prickly pear), a laila puka ke poʻo o ka matlatzincas (i hele mai kahi o nā ʻupena), ukali lākou e Cuautlix (ke alo o kahi ʻaeto), ʻo Ocelopan (ʻo ia me ka hae o ka Tiga), hele ʻo Cuapan a ʻo Quetzalpantl ma hope, a laila hele ʻo Apanecatl (nā kahawai wai), Ahuexotl (willow wai), Acacitli (reed hare), a ʻo ka hope i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i kēia lā.
Ka huhū o Huitzilopochtli
Ma hope o ka hele ʻana ma o Oztocolco (oztoc-grotto, comitl-olla), ʻo Cincotlan (kokoke i ka ipuhao o nā pepeiao), a me Icpactepec, ua hōʻea nā Aztec i kahi pūnaewele kahi i kūkulu ai lākou i kahi heiau. ʻIke ʻo Huitzilopochtli ʻaʻole i kali kāna mau ukali a hiki lākou i kahi kapu, huhū a me kona mana akua ua kau ʻo ia i ka hoʻopaʻi ma luna o lākou: hoʻoweliweli nā poʻo o nā lāʻau e hāʻule i ka pā ʻana o ka makani ikaika, ua hui nā kukuna e hāʻule mai ka lani mai. ku e i nā lālā a me ka ua o ke ahi e kuni ahi i ka luakini, aia ma ka pyramid. Ua make ʻo Xiuhneltzin, kekahi o nā aliʻi, ma kēia pūnaewele a hōʻike ʻia kona kino uhi ʻia i ka codex e hoʻopaʻa i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma kēia wahi e hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ai ka Xiuhmolpillia, kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ʻia ma aneʻi ma ke ʻano he koʻokoʻo ma ka paepae huakaʻi, ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi pōʻaiapuni he 52 mau makahiki, ʻo ia ka manawa e haʻohaʻo ai nā kamaʻāina inā e ala hou ka lā, inā he ola ke ola aʻe. lā.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka huakaʻi hele, hele lākou ma nā wahi like ʻole, ka manawa me ka manawa o ka noho e ʻokoʻa mai 2 a 15 mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia wahi, ua hōʻike ʻia e nā pōʻai liʻiliʻi ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a ma lalo paha o kēlā me kēia inoa wahi. Ke ukali mau nei i nā kapuwai e māka ana i ke ala, alakaʻi ʻia e ko lākou akua koa, hoʻomau lākou i ka huakaʻi i kahi ʻike ʻole ʻia, e hele ana i nā kaona he nui e like me Tizaatepec, Tetepanco (ma nā paia pōhaku), ʻo Teotzapotlan (kahi o nā sapotes pōhaku), a pēlā aku, a hiki i Tzompanco (kahi e kuʻi ai nā iwi poʻo), kahi pūnaewele nui i hana hou ʻia ma kahi o nā moʻolelo āpau o ka huakaʻi. Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kekahi mau kaona hou aku, hiki lākou i Matlatzinco kahi e huli ai kahi alahele; ka moʻolelo ʻo Anales de Tlatelolco ua nalowale ʻo Huitzilihuitl i ke ala no kekahi manawa a laila ua hui hou me kāna poʻe. ʻO ka mana akua a me ka manaolana o kahi i hoʻohiki ʻia e hoʻoulu i ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻomau ma ke ala, kipa lākou i nā pūnaewele nui e like me Azcapotzalco (anthill), Chalco (kahi o ka pōhaku makamae), Pantitlan, (kahua o nā hae) Tolpetlac (kahi lākou los tules) a me Ecatepec (puʻu o Ehécatl, ke akua o ka makani), ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia lākou āpau i ka Strip of the Pilgrimage.
Ke kaua o Chapultepec
Pēlā nō, kipa lākou i nā pūnaewele i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i ka hala ʻana o kekahi manawa noho lākou ma Chapultepec (chapulín puʻu) kahi o ke ʻano ʻo Ahuexotl (willow wai) a me Apanecatl (ʻo Apan, -ʻo nā kahawai wai-) e make ana ma ka wāwae o ka mauna ma hope o ke kūʻē kūʻē ʻana iā Colhuas, kahi hui i noho mua ma kēia mau wahi. Pēlā ke eo a kekahi e holo i kahi e lilo i hope ʻo Tlatelolco, akā ma ke ala e kāʻili ʻia ai lākou a wehe ʻia ʻo Mazatzin, kekahi o nā alakaʻi Mekiko. Lawe ʻia nā paʻahao ʻē aʻe i Culhuacan kahi i make make a make ai kekahi a me nā peʻe ʻē aʻe i ka lagoon ma waena o nā tulares a me nā moʻo ʻohe. ʻO Acacitli (cane hare), ʻo Cuapan (ka mea me ka hae) a me kekahi mea e kīkē ana i ko lākou mau poʻo mai ka ulu ulu, ʻike ʻia a lawe pio ʻia lākou i mua o ke aliʻi o Coxcox (pheasant) o ka Colhua, ka mea e noho ana ma kāna icpalli a i loaʻa paha i ka noho aliʻi. hoʻokupu mai kāna mau kauā hou, nā Aztecs.
Mai ke kaua ma Chapultepec, ua loli ke ola o ka poʻe Mekiko, ua lilo lākou i poʻe lawelawe a ua pau ka lākou nomadic pae. Hoʻopaʻa ka tlacuilo i ka ʻike hou loa mai ka huakaʻi i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, e hui pū nei i nā mea, e zigzagging ana i ke ala a hoʻonui i nā curvature o ke ala. ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa ia i kēia manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻohuli i ka palapala i lalo i hiki ke hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana, nā glyph āpau e ʻike ʻia ma hope o Chapultepec ma kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā kahawai a me nā wahi kai e hōʻike ana i ke awāwa o ke kikowaena o Mexico. e ke ʻano o nā lau nahele e hoʻopuni ana i kēia mau kamaʻāina hope loa. ʻO kēia wale nō kahi kahi e hāʻawi ai ka mea kākau iā ia i ke kūʻokoʻa e pena i ka ʻāina.
Ma hope, hoʻomalu ka Aztecs iā lākou iho ma Acolco (ma waenakonu o ka wai), a ma hope o ka hele ʻana i Contintlan (kokoke i nā ipuhao), hakakā hou lākou ma kahi pūnaewele kokoke iā Azcatitlan-Mexicaltzinco me kekahi poʻe ʻike ʻole ʻē aʻe ma aneʻi. ʻO ka make, hōʻailona ʻia e kahi ʻāʻoki poʻo, hōʻeha hou i ka poʻe i ka huakaʻi huakaʻi.
Hele lākou ma ka palena o nā loko o ke awāwa ʻo Mekiko e hele ana ma Tlachco, kahi e waiho ai ka pā kinipōpō (kahi wale nō i huki ʻia ma kahi mokulele lewa), ʻo Iztacalco, kahi e hakakā ai ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka pale kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hale. Ma hope o kēia hanana, he wahine a ka hanohano, he hāpai, he keiki kāna, no laila ua kapa ʻia kēia wahi ʻo Mixiuhcan (kahi hānau hānau). Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, he mea mau i ka makuahine e ʻauʻau kapu, temacalli kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka inoa ʻo Temazcaltitlan, kahi i noho ai nā poʻe Mekiko no 4 mau makahiki a hoʻolauleʻa i ka Xiuhmolpillia (hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ke ahi hou).
Ke kahua
ʻO ka hope loa, ua kō ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a Huitzilopochtli, ua hōʻea lāua i kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou akua, a noho ma waena o ka lagoon a loaʻa ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tenochtitlan ma aneʻi i hōʻike ʻia e kahi pōʻai a me kahi cactus, kahi hōʻailona e hōʻailona ana i ke kikowaena a me ka mahele o nā kaiāulu ʻehā. : Teopan, i kēia lā ʻo San Pablo; Atzacoalco, San Sebastián; ʻO Cuepopan, Santa María a me Morotlan, San Juan.
Hōʻike ʻia nā mea he ʻelima ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokumu o Tenochtitlan, i waena o lākou ka Tenoch kaulana (ʻo ka mea me ka pōhaku prickly pear) a me Ocelopan (ʻo ia me ka hae tigā). He mea kūpono ia e ʻōlelo ʻia ua kūkulu ʻia nā kahawai ʻelua mai Chapultepec e hoʻolako i ke kūlanakauhale me ka punawai e kū mai ana mai kēia wahi, a hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia codex me nā laina polū ʻelua, e kahe ana ma waena o nā ʻāina pohō, a hiki i ka kulanakauhale. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wā i hala o ka lāhui ʻōiwi Mekiko i nā palapala kiʻi pictographic, e like me kēia, e hoʻoili i ka ʻike e pili ana i kā lākou mōʻaukala. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia mau hōʻike hōʻike pepa nui e ʻae ai i nā poʻe Mekiko āpau e hoʻomaopopo piha i nā kumu.
ʻO Batia Fux
