Ma ka waena o ka Sierra de Catorce, ka Kaona ʻAilana de Real de Catorce ke kali mau nei no ka poʻe malihini kipa e haʻi iā lākou e pili ana i kāna hana hoʻoilina kaʻao i hala a hōʻike iā lākou i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nani. Ke hōʻike aku nei mākou iā ʻoe i ke alakaʻi piha i ke kaona hōʻoluʻolu o Potosí.
1. Aia ma hea ʻo Real de Catorce?
ʻO Real de Catorce kahi kūlanakauhale ʻo Potosino i waiho ʻia ma ka puʻuwai o ka Sierra de Catorce ma mua o 2,700 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻO ia ke poʻo o ke kulanakauhale ʻo Catorce, aia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí. He kūlanakauhale minia ʻo Real de Catorce ma waena o nā makahiki 1770 a me nā makahiki he ʻekahi o ke kenekulia 20 a ʻo nā hale ʻokoʻa i kūkulu ʻia i ka wā o kāna pae holomua e lilo i kāna mau wahi mākaʻikaʻi nui. I ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Real de Catorce i loko o ka ʻōnaehana Mekiko Towns i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o kāna hoʻoilina hoʻoilina, kona hala mua ʻana, kāna moʻomeheu ʻōiwi no kekahi o nā noho nui o ka lāhui Huichol, a me kāna mau kaʻao a me nā kuʻuna.
2. Pehea i ala ai ke kaona?
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka manawa hea i ʻike ʻia ai ka aa kala mua, akā i ka makahiki 1772 ua ola ke kaona. Ua loaʻa nā veins nui mua i ka makahiki 1778 a ma 1779 ka Guatemalan o ka ʻāina Sepania ʻo Silvestre López Portillo i hoʻokumu i ke kūlanakauhale me ka inoa ʻo Real de Minas de Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Purísima Concepción de Guadalupe de los Álamos de Catorce. E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kumu o ka hoʻopōkole ʻia ma hope iki o Real de Catorce. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, kū ka lua o nā mines ʻo Real de Catorce i ka hana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua pau ka waiwai nui o ke kālā ma kahi o 1910.
3. He aha ke ʻano e kali nei iaʻu ma Real de Catorce?
Ke hauʻoli nei ke kaona ʻo Real de Catorce i kahi aniau mauna kiʻekiʻe, pale ʻia e kona kiʻekiʻe o 2,728 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻO nā mahina anuanu ka hoʻoilo ma ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau, me ka awelika o ka mahana ma lalo o 11 ° C i Kekemapa a me Ianuali. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka thermometer ke hāʻule i lalo o 5 ° C i ke kau anuanu, no laila pono ʻoe e makaʻala. I ka wā mehana, mai Iune a ʻAukake, ʻo ka pae ma ka mercury he 22 mau makahiki C.
4. He aha nā mamao loa ma laila?
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kokoke loa i Potosí a i Real de Catorce ʻo Matehuala, aia ma kahi o 61 km. mai ka Pueblo Mágico, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola ka huakaʻi no ka hoʻihoʻi e pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ke ala o Cedral a me San Juan de Vanegas. E hele aku mai San Luis Potosí, ke kapikala mokuʻāina, a i Real de Catorce, pono ʻoe e huakaʻi 256 km. e hele ana i ka akau i Matehuala. Aia ʻo Saltillo ma 287 km., Zacatecas ma 310 km. a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko ma 673 km. e huakaʻi ana iā San Luis Potosí.
5. He aha nā mea hoihoi nui o Real de Catorce?
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi mining i noho ʻia e Real de Catorce no 3 mau kenekulia i waiho i nā hale nui a me nā wahi neoneo, e like me ka Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción, ka hale pule o ka Virgin of Guadalupe, ka Casa de la Moneda, ka Ghost Town, ka Palenque de Gallos, ka Plaza. de Toros, ka Ogarrio Tunnel, ka Hacienda Laguna Seca a me kekahi mau alahaka, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Zaragoza. ʻO ke kū ikaika o ka moʻomeheu Huichol i ka Magic Town hiki ke mahalo ʻia i ka mālama Wirikuta, ʻo Cerro El Quemado a me nā hana noʻeau o kēia hui lāhui. ʻO ka papa o nā mea hoihoi o Real de Catorce i kākoʻo ʻia e nā kaʻao o ke kaona a me kāna mea ʻai ʻono loa.
6. He aha ka mea e kū ai i ka Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción?
ʻO La Purísima Concepción ka mea kōkua o nā mea minia Sepania a me nā mea miniko Mekiko a me nā peninsular i hoʻohana i nā kaola momona o ke kaona i lilo iā ia i pale pale no lākou. ʻO ka pā o ka luakini kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu he neoclassical, me nā Dustbrush brush, a ma loko e kū ana ke kuahu neo-Gothic, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Ma nā paia he mau ʻāpana kuahu, ka hapa nui i hāʻawi ʻia e ka poʻe kūpaʻa i ka mahalo no nā ʻoluʻolu i loaʻa. ʻO nā ʻāpana waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka hale pule kāna ʻaha paipu mai 1834, nona 1,200 mau ʻohe a me ke kiʻi o San Francisco de Asís.
7. He aha ka moʻolelo o ke kiʻi o Saint Francis o Assisi?
ʻO ke kiʻi o Kapalakiko de Asís i hoʻohanohano ʻia i ka Parish o ka Immaculate Conception i loko o ka Church of Guadalupe, aia ma ka pantheon o Real de Catorce. Kāhea nā keiki he ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki iā ia me ke aloha a me ke aloha ʻo El Charrito a me Panchito a me kāna mau ʻahaʻaina, i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ma waena o Sepatemaba 25 a me ʻOkakopa 12, i hele ʻia e nā ʻumi tausani mau huakaʻi a me nā mākaʻikaʻi, i kahi hoʻomana i ulu i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. . Wahi a ka moʻomeheu, ua hōʻea ke kiʻi i ke kaona ma hope o kahi hoki, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu.
8. Pehea ke ʻano o ka hale pule ʻo ka Puʻupaʻa wahine o Guadalupe?
Loaʻa i kēia hale pule kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe aia ia ma loko o ka Real de Catorce pantheon. Kūkulu ʻia ia e kanu i nā mea make i kaulana loa ma ke kaona i loko o kahi luakini a me kahi hale kupapaʻu a ma loko o laila he 70 mau hale kupapaʻu o ka poʻe waiwai, nā kāhuna a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he ʻumikūmāhā hanohano. ʻO ka luakini o ka Virgin of Guadalupe ka puʻuhonua mua o ke kiʻi o San Francisco de Asís, i kēia manawa aia i loko o ka Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka halepule aia kekahi hale pule kahiko loa i hoʻohana ʻia e kiaʻi ai i nā kino ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
9. Aia mahea ke kulanakauhale Uhane?
ʻO ka wahi o Real de Catorce i loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Pueblo Fantasma nā wahi neoneo o ka lāʻau mining Compromiso a me nā ʻāina kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka minela i loko o nā mines Concepción. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā mana ʻelua i ke kumu o ka inoa o Ghost Town. Hōʻike kekahi ua ala aʻe ia ma muli o ke ʻano ʻuhane i loaʻa i ka wahi i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, ke hoʻokaʻawale ke kaomi ma waena o ka loko o ka lāʻau a me nā ʻaoʻao i waho i nā kolamu o ka momona e uhi i ka nohona. ʻO ka mana ʻē aʻe o ka inoa Ghost Town ka nānā lapuwale a haʻalele ʻia.
10. I ka manawa hea i kūkulu ai ka Mint?
Ua pau kēia hale i ka makahiki 1863 a i kēlā makahiki nō i hoʻomaka ai ka paʻi ʻana o nā moni kālā, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi mau ʻāpana i mālama ʻia. I ka 1866, ua hāʻawi ke aupuni Palani i noho i Mekiko i ke kauoha e pani i ka hale. Ua hoʻomākaukau ka ʻaha kūkā kamaʻāina i kahi leka e noi ana iā Maximiliano e hoʻopau i ke kauoha, e noi ana iā General Tomás Mejía e lawe i mua o ka mōʻī. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i pane ʻia ka leka, no ka mea paha i Iune 1867, ua kī pū ʻia ʻo Mejía lāua ʻo Maximiliano ma Santiago de Querétaro. Aia nā moni ʻo Real de Catorce ma mua o ka makahiki 1863, akā ua hana ʻia ia i nā hale aʻo kūloko. I kēia manawa ʻo Casa de la Moneda kahi Cultural Center.
11. Aia kekahi mau moni ʻē aʻe no nā mea hōʻiliʻili?
ʻO ka 8 reales coin mai 1811 ka mea rarest a me nā mea nui o nā mea i hana ʻia i ke kaona a ʻo kekahi o nā mea i aloha nui ʻia e Mekiko a me nā haole pā o numismatics. ʻO ia kahi ʻāpana kālā me ka lihi laulā me kahi module maʻamau o 38 millimeter. Hāʻawi ʻia i kāna rarity, hiki ke uku ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona i $ 50,000 a no laila aia i nā fakes. Ua kiʻi ʻia i loko o nā makahiki kūpikipiki o ke au o Ferdinand VII o Sepania e nā mea kākoʻo i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo King Felón.
12. He aha ka hoihoi o Palenque de Gallos?
Hoʻokumu ʻo Cockfights i kahi leʻaleʻa hoʻopaʻapaʻa a me nā ʻano piliwaiwai i kekahi mau ʻāina Lākina ʻAmelika a me, me ka hakakā ʻana me ka bipi, ʻo lākou ka punahele punahele a nā poʻe miners o ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki ma waena o nā kenekulia 18 a 20. ʻO Real de Catorce kekahi o nā galani nui nui ma Mekiko a me ke kahua o ka hoʻolālā Roma i kēia manawa ke hāʻawi nei i nā hōʻike moʻomeheu, ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana 1977 a ua loaʻa hou iā ia ka nani mua.
13. I ka manawa hea i hāmama ai ka Plaza de Toros?
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Real de Catorce bullfighting arena i ka makahiki 1791 a e like me ke kuʻuna, he makana ia i ka poʻe no ke komo ʻana i ka noho aliʻi Sepania o ka Mōʻī Carlos IV El Cazador. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua nalowale ka hapa nui o ka hale i waenakonu o nā hoʻouka kaua weliweli a nā pūʻali koa hakakā i ke kenekulia 19. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i 1863 i mea e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻaha koa wiwo ʻole i Real de Catorce, akā he 5 mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ka wā pāpā o ka hakakā bipi. Ua hele ma waena o ʻelua mau bipi kauō nui i ke kahua: ʻo Ponciano Díaz, ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo El Torero Charro a me «Ojitos», ke kumu a Rodolfo Gaona.
14. No ke aha i kūkulu ʻia ai ka Ogarrio Tunnel?
ʻO kēia tunnel 2,300 mika ka lōʻihi, a he mea hoʻokipa kēia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana ʻenehana nui ma Mekiko i ka hopena o 19 a me 20 mau makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia ia e ka Count de la Maza, nā mea kālepa mining Sepania waiwai nui, a kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo Ogarrio, ko lākou ʻāina hānau ma Cantabria. ʻO ke ana, i kēia lā ke ala komo i ka heluna kanaka, i kūkulu ʻia no ke komo ʻana a me ka puka o nā mea a me nā limahana i ka hana mining a ʻo nā ʻau i mālama ʻole ʻia no 100 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha ka mahalo.
15. He aha ma Hacienda Laguna Seca?
ʻAʻole mamao loa mai Real de Catorce kēia hacienda ma mua, kahi e hiki ai ke mahalo i ke kaiapuni kahi i hana ʻia ai ʻo mezcal i nā kenekulia i hala. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka inu o ka wā kahiko ua hōʻano hou ʻia, akā mālama ka hale i kāna ʻano kumu, me nā ʻano hoʻolālā hale, e like me nā pahu ākea ma luna o nā paila fermentation, nā mīkini a me nā pā. Pēlā nō, hiki ke mahalo i nā umu pōhaku no ka kuke ʻana i ka maguey a me nā chimney brick kahiko. Hiki mai nā lau maguey i ka hale hana i nā kaʻa kaʻa, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu i ke kaiapuni kahi i hana ai nā halihali me nā miula.
16. He aha ka hoihoi o ke Alahaka ʻo Zaragoza?
ʻO kēia alahaka ākea a nani hoʻi, o kekahi ma Real de Catorce, ke hele nei i ka hale kupapaʻu a me ka hana bipi kahiko, a ʻo ia ka mea kahiko loa ma Pueblo Mágico. Ua kau kalaunu ʻia kona paia e nā kūkulu triangular a ma waenakonu he wahi kiʻekiʻe kona a me kahi hoʻopau maikaʻi. Aia ke alahaka ma luna o kahi canyon i nalowale ma waena o nā pae mauna o ke kuahiwi, e hāʻawi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona nani.
17. Aia kekahi mau huakaʻi huakaʻi me nā mea hana?
I ke kaona aia kahi hui kōkua i kapa ʻia ʻo Caballerangos de Real de Catorce, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma o nā ala hoihoi loa ʻekolu o ka Sierra de Catorce, ʻo ia ʻo Cerro Grande, ʻo Pueblo Fantasma a ʻo Quemado. Ke kū nei ke ala ʻo Grande Grande ma nā mines o San Agustín a me Milagros, ma nā ana Zapato a me Los Riscos a ma ka Ghost Town. ʻO ke ala kūikawā i ke Kaona Kahului me kahi kū ma ka mine Purísima Concepción. ʻO kā Ruta del Quemado kahi hopena hope loa ma laila ʻo ka ʻOta del Quemado. Inā makemake ʻoe e hana i nā holo kahiko, hoʻolimalima iā lākou ma ka lio.
18. He aha ka mea nui o Cerro El Quemado?
ʻO ka Wixárikas a i ʻole ʻo Huichols kahi hui lāhui India mai ka Sierra Madre Occidental, kekahi o nā kuʻuna kūpuna e hoʻohana i ka peyote, kahi cactus hallucinogenic hopena i Mexico. ʻO ke kikowaena kapu nui no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka peyote ʻo Cerro El Quemado ma Real de Catorce, ka "Wahi e piʻi ai ka lā" no nā ʻōiwi. I kēia kiʻekiʻe o ka wao akua e like me ka honua i kuni ʻia, pau nā huakaʻi o nā kaiāulu Huichol like ʻole, e hele aku i laila e kamaʻilio pū me ko lākou mau akua a me nā kūpuna.
19. Pehea ka waiwai o ka mālama iā Wirikuta?
He ʻāpana kapu ia o nā Huichols, ma kahi o 140,000 hectares o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, nona nā ʻano nui o ka flora, laʻa i nā ʻōiwi, ʻo peyote, ka cactus hallucinogenic a lākou e ʻai ai i kā lākou hana. Kūpono ʻo Peyote i ka luku ʻia a ʻo kona wahi noho nui ma Mekiko ʻo Wirikuta. ʻO kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka flora a me nā holoholona o Wirikuta ka hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho wale ia ma laila, no laila he ʻano hoʻoweliweli ia e lilo ana ka nalo ʻana i mea make no ka moʻomeheu Huichol. ʻO ka Aeto Gula, hōʻailona o Mexico, kekahi o nā manu maikaʻi loa ma Wirikuta.
20. Pehea ke ʻano ʻo Huichol art?
Nani ke ʻano o nā hana noʻeau a nā Huichols, e like me nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā papa o ka ulana, ko lākou ʻano a me ka huahana lima lima i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kēia nā kiʻi me nā hoʻolālā kahakaha a me nā kala, i hana ʻia me nā stamens ma nā papa i uhi ʻia i ka wax a me ka kēpau. ʻOiai ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka elaboration o nā papa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pae kalepa a me nā lei o nā ʻano kala like ʻole, hiki nō ke ʻike i nā ʻāpana maoli, hana nui ʻia no nā hana maʻamau.
21. He aha nā kaʻao nui o ke kaona?
I ka honua o Mekiko mining aia kahi kaao o kahi ʻano ʻuhane, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Real de Catorce ʻo El Jergas. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kanaka e hōʻike iā ia iho i kahi lole mining a hoʻonāukiuki i kahi limahana e hele pū me ia i kahi wahi hiki ʻole, kahi e haʻalele ʻia ai ka mea hana a loaʻa ʻia e kāna mau hoa hana, mahalo i nā kuhi a El Jergas e haʻalele nei ma ke ala. . Wahi a nā Connoisseurs he hiki nō ke ʻike iā El Jergas me kona pāpale mahiole a me ka ipukukui e hele ana ma waena o ke alawai ʻo Ogarrio e ʻimi nei i nā mea minamina manaʻo ʻole. ʻO kekahi moʻolelo kaʻao pīhoihoi o Real de Catorce ʻo ia ʻo Los Dos Bradencieros.
22. Pehea ka moʻolelo o The Two Brawlers?
Wahi a kēia kaʻao, ʻo Valentin lāua ʻo Valente, he ʻelua mau miners mai ke kaona, i noho wale ai e kali ana i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka Pōʻaono e ʻona ai me ka pulika. I kekahi manawa ke ona loa lākou, ua hoʻomaka lākou i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa a hoʻoholo e hoʻoholo i kēia mea i ka hakakā lima ma waho o ka pulqueria. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o lākou ke kuʻi, unuhi lākou i kā lākou mau pahi a iā lākou i hou aku ai i kekahi i kekahi, ua kū mai kahi ʻano a kuʻi iā lākou me kahi kaula, me ka makaʻu ʻole. Ma hope o ke ala ʻana mai ka ʻona, ua hoʻomanaʻo lāua ʻelua e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano me Saint Francis o Assisi a iā lāua i hele ai i ka luakini, ua ʻike lāua i ka haipule me kāna maʻa haehae, i manaʻo ʻia e ka ʻāʻā i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia.
23. He aha ka mea e kū ai i ka gastronomy o Real de Catorce?
Ma Real de Catorce hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i kekahi o nā ipu ʻono loa o nā meaʻai Potosí. Aia i waena o nā mea ʻono waiwai nui ka ʻaina barbecue, ka puaʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka chili ancho; ʻo nā kiʻi enchiladas i hana ʻia me nā pīni refried a me ka chili ʻulaʻula; nā cabochon a me nā nopales me ke kōmato, ʻakaʻakai a me nā lāʻau ʻaʻala. ʻO nā mea inu maʻamau ka mead a me ka colonche.
24. Ma hea wau e noho ai?
He mau hōkele maʻalahi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ko Real de Catorce, e like me El Real, Ruinas del Real, El Rincón del Pintor, Shantiniketan - Morada de Paz; a me Hotel Bonanza Real. Nui nā poʻe kipa i ka Magic Town e makemake e noho ma ke kūlanakauhale kokoke iā Matehuala, 61 km ka mamao. mai Real de Catorce, kahi e kū ai ka Hotel María Esther, Hotel Casa Real Matehuala a me Las Palmas Midway Inn. Ma ke kūlanakauhale o Cedral, 35 km. mai Real de Catorce, ʻo ia ka Hotel Desierto.
25. He aha nā hale ʻaina maikaʻi loa?
ʻO Mesón de la Abundancia, aia ma Lanzagorta 11, mahalo ʻia no kāna mau pizza a me nā pā. ʻO Café Azul, ma Lanzagorta 27, lawelawe i nā crepes momona a me nā pōpō. Hāʻawi ʻo Realbucks, ma Lanzagorta i kahi kofe maikaʻi ʻo Veracruz, me nā pōpō ʻono. He hale ʻIlikia ʻo Al Gusto ma Calle Lerdo de Tejada 3, e lawelawe ana i ka pasta hou me ka ʻono Italia maoli. ʻO nā koho ʻē aʻe ka hale ʻaina o ka Hotel El Real, Tolentino's a me Restaurante Monterrey.
Lana ko mākou manaʻo i kāu huakaʻi hou aku i Real de Catorce i piha i nā ʻike hiki ʻole ke hoʻopoina ʻia a e hana iki kēia alakaʻi ākea. A hui hou koke iā 'oe.
