ʻO nā kūlanakauhale pre-Hispanic a me koloneial o Monte Albán a me Oaxaca nā mea nani ʻelua o kā mākou moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a moʻomeheu āu e ʻike ai.
MOKU ALBĀN
ʻO ia kahi pūnaewele ʻoi loa ma ke awāwa ʻo Oaxaca e hōʻike nei i ka ulu kū hoʻokahi o kahi ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā moʻomeheu ʻekolu: Olmec, Zapotec a me Mixtec. ʻO kāna hoʻomohala nui loa mai 350 a 750 750 AD, me ka heluna kanaka o 25,000 a 35,000 poʻe, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma luna o 6.5 km2, kahi pae a ka hapa nui o kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo e mahalo ai i kēia lā, ua kau ʻia ma kahi mauna 500 mika kiʻekiʻe. , mai kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi nānā kupaianaha o ke awāwa holoʻokoʻa.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i kāna esplanade 300-mika lōʻihi, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano kūkulu i kāna mau kia hoʻomanaʻo, i waena o kahi e kū ai ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Los Danzantes, e hōʻike nei i nā papa pōhaku i kālai ʻia ma kona kumu, kahi e mahalo ʻia ai nā kiʻi kanaka. –O ka mana Olmec maopopo– i ke ʻano hulahula, no laila kona inoa. Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana IV i ka hana hou hale kūkulu nui o ka moʻomeheu Zapotec: ka pā luakini, kahi paʻa a paʻa hoʻi kahi i hana ʻia ai kēia mau hana ʻekolu. I loko o ka hale i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Hale Aliʻi, he pā kūloko kūloko kona kahi e nui ai nā lumi i kūkulu ʻia. Hāʻaha ikaika ka pāʻani kinipōpō ma muli o ka pali kūpikipiki loa o kona mau paia, a me ka pōhaku pōʻai i loaʻa ma ka papahele o ka pā. Aia ma waenakonu o ka esplanade kahi puʻu J, ʻano like me ka pua pua, a manaʻo ʻia he lawelawe kiaʻi hōkū kēia, a ʻekolu mau hale ʻē aʻe i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao pōhaku. ʻO nā paepae ʻākau a me ka hema ka pani o ka axis o ka complex, a puni nā hale kupapaʻu kaulana e like me ka helu 7 (ʻimi ʻia i 1932), i haku ʻia me kahi hōʻiliʻili kupaianaha o 500 mau mea a me nā mōhai nani.
KIHI HALE O OAXACA
I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe Paniolo i Oaxaca, ua kūkulu lākou i ka Villa de Antequera ma ke kahua a nā Aztecs i hoʻokumu ai i hale kiaʻi ma kahi o 1486 e kaohi ai i ke awāwa, a ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo Huaxyacac. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale e ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a Carlos V, ma ka lā 14 Kepakemapa 1526, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i huki ʻia a hiki i ka 1529 na Alonso García Bravo, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Mexico City, akā ua lawe ʻia i ka pā quadrangular me nā poloka 80 mika ka laulā. ʻaoʻao. Mālama mau ke kikowaena o Oaxaca i ke kiʻi o kahi kūlanakauhale kolone, nona ka hoʻoilina nui i aneane paʻa, e hoʻohui ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o nā hale i kūkulu ʻia ma loko o ka 19 kenekulia; hana pū lākou i kahi kūlana kūlanakauhale kūlike. Hōʻike ʻia kēia waiwai kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka mea kiʻekiʻe i loko o kona hale pule, ka luakini a me ka hale ʻenekia mua o Santo Domingo, i hoʻolilo ʻia i hale hōʻikeʻike ʻāina maikaʻi loa. nā luakini o ka Ahahui o Iesū, San Agustín, San Felipe Neri a me San Juan de Dios; ka mākeke Benito Juárez, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka gastr gastric maikaʻi loa o ia wahi; a me ka hale keaka ʻo Macedonio Alcalá nui, me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke keʻena seremonial ʻo Monte Albán ka mea kū i kahi hana noʻeau kūikawā i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kahakaha mokulele (e like me Machu Picchu ma Peru, i kākau ʻia ma 1983). No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka millennium, ua hana nui ʻo Monte Albán i ka wahi moʻomeheu holoʻokoʻa o Oaxaca, me ka mahalo hoʻi i ke kū mau ʻana o kāna pā kinipōpō, kona mau luakini nani, nā hale kupapaʻu a me nā waihona-bas me nā kahakaha hieroglyphic, ʻo ia wale nō ka hōʻike a ka ʻO nā lāhui Olmec, Zapotec a me Mixtec, ka mea i kū i ka ʻāina i ka wā ma mua o ka wā kahiko a me ka wā kahiko. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Monte Albán kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kahi kikowaena seremonial pre-Columbian ma waena o Mexico i kēia lā.
No kāna ʻāpana, ʻo ke kikowaena mōʻaukala o Oaxaca kahi laʻana kūpono o ke kūlanakauhale kolone 16th. ʻO kāna hoʻoilina nui kekahi o nā momona a me nā koina o nā kālaiʻike civila a me nā haipule ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
