Ua hānai nā Mekiko kahiko i nā pi Aboriginal o ka genus Meliponas no ka meli a me ka wax. Hoʻolahalaha koke ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā pale, nā ihoiho a me nā ihoiho, ma nā hale ʻaha a me nā lehulehu.
Ma loko o ka Viceroyalty he nui nā kānāwai no ka guildl Chandlery, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka maʻemaʻe o ka wax a me nā ʻano hana. ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻopuka ʻia e Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza i ka makahiki 1574. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā ihoiho a me nā ipukukui i hoʻoholo ʻia e Viceroy Luis de Velasco Jr. a ma hope, na Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marqués de Guadalcázar, a me Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas , Helu Mua o Revillagigedo.
I kēia lā, hana lima ʻia nā ihoiho beeswax ma ke ʻano penei: nā wicks, nā mānoanoa pulupulu mānoanoa o kahi nui i koho mua ʻia, e kau ʻia ma ka huila liana e kau ana mai ke kaupaku. ʻO ka wax, nona ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pā; inā koi ʻia nā ihoiho keʻokeʻo, hōʻike ʻia ka wax ma ka lā; inā makemake ʻia kahi kala ʻē aʻe, hoʻohui ʻia ka paukū aniline. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka casserole ma ka honua a me kahi ʻumeke a i ʻole kahi ipu liʻiliʻi, ninini ʻia ka hamo wai ma luna o ka wick. Ke hoʻopau ka nui i ka wai, neʻe ka huila e ʻauʻau i ka wick e hiki mai ana a pēlā aku. Hoʻonui hou ʻia ka hana i nā manawa a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mānoanoa i koi ʻia. ʻO kekahi ʻano hana e hoʻopili ana i ka huila e ʻauʻau pono ai i ka wick i ka wax wax.
ʻO nā lama i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana ma mua o ka Hispanic Mexico i pani ʻia e nā ihoiho. Ua haʻi ʻo Elisa Vargas Lugo i ka "The festivities of the beatification of Rosa de Lima", i mālama ʻia ma Mekiko i 1668, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā paepae nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hale pule, nā māla a me nā lumi. Ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka hale me: ʻekolu haneli mau aniani aila, hoʻokahi haneli mau hihia lōʻihi, hoʻokahi haneli ihoiho a me ʻumikūmālua mau koʻi wī ʻehā. ʻO nā mea ma ka alo mua i waho he ʻelima mau ipukukui kālā me hoʻokahi haneli me iwakālua ihoiho (ʻo nā ihoiho he ihoiho wilinia keʻokeʻo).
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana nui a ka mea hoʻopili a me nā ihoiho i loaʻa i ka papa hoʻomana: ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai ʻia kahi huakaʻi me ka ʻole o kēlā me kēia mea e lawe ana i hoʻokahi ihoiho kukui a ʻoi paha, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā hale hoʻokipa Kalikimaka - kahi hana maʻamau a Antonio García Cubas ma Ia. ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia - me ka ʻole o nā ihoiho kuʻuna.
I loko o nā ʻahaʻaina a ka poʻe make (Nowemapa 1 a me 2), hoʻomālamalama nā ipukukui i nā pantheons a puni ka ʻāina, i ke ao a i ʻole ka pō, e kiʻi me ka hanohano i nā ʻuhane o ka mea i make i hele mai e kipa, a hoʻomālamalama iā lākou i mea e ʻike maʻalahi i kou ala. Kaulana lākou i ka pō i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ma Janitzio, Michoacán a me Mízquic, Federal District, akā hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā kaona ʻē aʻe.
I ka Highlands o Chiapas, hana ʻia nā ihoiho lahilahi, conical a polychrome, kahi e hana ai ka poʻe o Chiapas i mau ʻāpana (i ʻākoakoa ʻia e ke kala) no ke kūʻai aku, kau ʻia mai ke kaupaku o nā hale kūʻai. Ma ka papahele o nā hale pule hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou e hoʻomālamalama ʻia a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka maka o nā ʻōiwi e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka haipule o kā lākou hoʻomana.
Pule ʻo ia me ka leo nui a pāpā pinepine i ka mea laʻa no ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻia iā ia o ka lokomaikaʻi lōʻihi, ʻoiai me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ihoiho he nui i nā manawa he nui.
I nā hale hōʻikeʻike makahiki o kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ma ke kahakai liʻiliʻi o Guerrero a me Oaxaca, hele ka poʻe kipa i ka hale pule me nā ihoiho kukui a me kahi pua pua, a waiho ʻia ma ke kuahu ma hope o ka pule ʻana. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā loea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā poʻe āpau e noi iā ia e hoʻohana pū i nā ihoiho a me nā pua.
Pono pono nā ihoiho ma ka ʻaneʻane i nā hoʻōla āpau a me nā hana hoʻolauleʻa kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea ʻokoʻa, kekahi o nā hoʻohana kūloko, e like me nā kiʻi pālolo (ma Metepec, Mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko, a me Tlayacapan, Morelos, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole ka ʻoki pepa amate. (i San Pablito, Puebla).
ʻO nā ʻāpana laulā nui aʻe ka brandy, nā cigare, kekahi mau mea kanu a, i kekahi manawa, ka meaʻai, ʻoiai nā ihoiho kukui e hāʻawi i ka hanohano i ke kaiapuni ʻaʻole e nalo.
Me nā nalo meli hou a me ka hana ʻana i nā ihoiho, ua hiki mai ke ʻano o ka wax flakes i Mekiko, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā mea makemake nui ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. Ma ka laulā, he ihoiho a i ʻole nā mea lepe i kāhiko nui ʻia me nā kiʻi ʻokoʻa - ka nui o nā pua - i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea haipule i mau mōhai i nā hale pule.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka hana ʻana (i ka pālolo a i nā moʻo lāʻau) lahilahi a lahilahi o ka wax, i kekahi manawa i nā kala ʻalani. No ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona paʻa (e like me nā huaʻai, nā manu a me nā ʻānela), hoʻohana ʻia nā punahelu i hoʻopili ʻia, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hollow i hana ʻia, hoʻopiha ʻia lākou me ka hamo wai, a puhi koke ʻia i loko o ka lua a mahele like ka wax. e hana ana i hoʻokahi papa i hoʻopili ʻia i nā paia o ka punahelu. Ma hope iho, hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu a, ke kau ka wax, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua. No nā kiʻi "maʻalahi", hoʻohana ʻia kahi moʻo hoʻokahi o ka nui kūpono a me ke kinona.
Hana ʻia nā pua i nā mōlina me nā lima (conical a i ʻole hemispherical), i loaʻa nā lua e hoʻopau i nā petal. Hoʻomoʻu ʻia lākou i mau manawa i ka wī wai, hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kinona, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka silhouette i hōʻike ʻia e ka slot me nā ʻūlū a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lima e hāʻawi i ka makemake i makemake ʻia. I kekahi manawa pili pono nā ʻāpana i ka ihoiho a me ka ihoiho, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kaula. ʻO nā mea hoʻonani hope loa he pepa luster, china a me ka lau gula.
Ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí, hana ʻia nā filigree wīwī maoli, e hoʻohana ana i nā moʻo lāʻau pālahalaha i like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kahakaha ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka heluna kanaka: ma Río Verde kūkulu hale kūkulu liʻiliʻi (nā hale pule, nā kuahu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i hoʻohana ʻia; ma Santa Maria deI Río wale nō ka wali keʻokeʻo e hoʻohana ʻia, a hui ʻia nā papa filigree me nā lei o nā pua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pale i wahī ʻia i ka pepa crepe, me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā ihoiho i waenakonu; i ka Mezquitic like nā kinona, akā hoʻohana ʻia ka wax multicolored. I nā hihia āpau, he hana nui ia i kau ʻia ma nā pā trows a me ka hau i ka huakaʻi i ka hale pule. ʻO ke kuʻuna o ka mōhai ʻana i nā kuahu a me nā ʻauwa ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí he ʻelemakule ia, e hoʻomaka ana i ka wanaʻao o ka 19 kenekulia: i ka 1833, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Vicar o Santiago deI Río, Fray Clemente Luna i ka hele wāwae o nā ʻau pua. , me kahi huakaʻi o nā alanui i hoʻopau me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka luakini.
Ma Tlacolula, Teotitlán, a me nā kaona ʻē aʻe ma ke awāwa ʻo Oaxaca, ua hoʻonani nui ʻia nā ihoiho me nā pua, nā hua, nā manu, a me nā ʻānela i hoʻonani i loko o nā hale pule. A hiki i kēia manawa, e noi i ka lima o kahi kaikamahine, ʻo ke kāne kāne a me kona mau hoahānau e lawe i ka ʻohana o ka wahine mare i ka berena, nā pua, a me kahi ihoiho hoʻonaninani.
ʻO Michoacán kahi mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe kahi e ulu ai ka kuʻuna o ka wax flaked, i loko o nā hale pule, i nā wā ʻahaʻaina, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā ihoiho me nā lālā nui o nā pua waki. Ma Ocumicho, nā hoaka o ka wax wax e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā kiʻi o nā haipule i lawe ʻia i ka kaʻina a puni ka haku o ka halepule, me nā ihoiho hoʻonani nani. I ka hoʻolauleʻa Patamban, ua kāhiko ʻia ke alanui nui me kahi moena lāʻau lōʻihi loa: mai ka ʻāpana a i ka ʻāpana o nā pio i hana ʻia i loko o nā ipu-ʻo Patamban kahi kaona potera -, nā pua, nā kulina, a i ʻole i nā manawa he nui, me nā kiʻi wax i hoʻonoho ʻia. . Hana ka poʻe mai ka wanaʻao e hoʻonaninani i ko lākou alanui, a ma hope e hala ka huakaʻi e luku i nā nani ephemeral āpau.
I ka heluna o Totonac a me Nahua o ka Sierra de Puebla, loaʻa i nā peʻa ka pilina kūikawā. ʻO kāna mea hoʻonani nui o nā disc wax a me nā huila i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ihoiho, hoʻonani ʻia i ka manawa me nā premieres, nā pua a me nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe. No kēlā me kēia pāʻina he kīʻaha kīʻaha i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i ka hale pule, a ma kona hale e hui ai nā kāne o ia wahi: hoʻokani kekahi mau mea hoʻokani pila i nā mea kani a hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia mea inu i mea inu, a laila lawe kēlā me kēia i ke ihoiho. (i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani) a, pū me nā hui o nā mea hulahula e hana ma ka pāʻina, e hele huakaʻi ana i ka hale pule, e hāpai ana i ka Saint Patron o kahi ma ko lākou poʻohiwi. Kū ka huakaʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa ke hāʻawi aku nā mea hoʻolimalima hale i nā meaʻai a me nā pua i ka Saint. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka hale pule, pule nā mea āpau a kau ʻia nā ihoiho ma ke kuahu.
Nui nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma Mekiko kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka wax flaked, e laʻa me San Cristóbal de Ias Casas, Chiapas; San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla; ʻAlaxala, Kālaʻala; Ixtlán deI Río, Nayarit, a me nā mea hou aku. ʻO nā mea nui i kāhiko pinepine ʻia me nā kiʻi i ʻoki ʻia i waho o ka pepa aniani a i ʻole me nā kumu pena pena ʻia, hana ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai kukui kūikawā e hāʻawi iā lākou ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka ihoiho a me ka wax flakes, nā mea ephemeral i hoʻopau ʻia me ke ahi, hāʻawi i kahi leʻaleʻa o ka mālamalama a me ka ʻōlinolino i ke kaiāulu a me nā hana haipule ʻohana, i ka manawa like he mea nui ia i ka ola o ka Mekiko, nā ʻōiwi a me nā ʻōiwi. me he mestizo lā.
