ʻO kēia ʻike pōkole i mea e hōʻike ai i nā kuahu gula koloneial i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻumikūmāono, ʻumikūmāhiku a me ka ʻumikūmāwalu mau kenekulia, i hana ʻia me nā lāʻau kālai ʻia e hana i ka ʻaoʻao mua hoʻonaninani i mua o ka mea nānā a me kahi kākoʻo lāʻau holoʻokoʻa i hana i ke kākoʻo o ka ʻaoʻao luna.
I ka manawa like, makemake ʻia kēia memo e hoihoi i mea e hiki ai i nā mea ke hana pū i kāna mālama ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kuahu e hōʻino ʻia e ka moth wahie, a hiki i ka nui loa o ka loaʻa ʻana ma kekahi mau wahi ʻo ka lamina wale nō. gula, no ka mea, ua pau ka ʻai i ka nā kolo.
ʻO kēia ʻike pōkole i mea e hōʻike ai i nā kuahu gula koloneial i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻumikūmāono, ʻumikūmāhiku a me ka ʻumikūmāwalu mau kenekulia, i hana ʻia me nā lāʻau kālai ʻia e hana i ka ʻaoʻao mua hoʻonaninani i mua o ka mea nānā a me kahi kākoʻo lāʻau holoʻokoʻa i hana i ke kākoʻo o ka ʻaoʻao luna. I ka manawa like, manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻatikala e hoihoi i ka poʻe hiki, hana pū i ka mālama ʻana, no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kuahu e hōʻino ʻia e ka moth wahie, i ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka loaʻa ma kekahi mau wahi ʻo ka lamina wale nō. gula, no ka mea, ua ʻai ka nā kolo i ka wahie.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale pule i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā makahiki 1540 a 1790, i loko, e hoʻonani nui ʻia me nā kuahu lāʻau Mekiko i hiki ke lilo i kuahu nui, aia ma ke kua o ka presbytery, nā ʻāpana kuʻikuʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā paia o ka transept o ka ka nave nui a me nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻopili ʻia i nā paia o nā ʻaoʻao o ka nave nui. I loko o lākou e hiki ai i nā ʻano ʻehā e mahalo ʻia: Plateresque, Baroque Estíught a i ʻole Churrigueresco, Baroque Salomónico a me Ultra Barroco a i ʻole Anástilo (Shroeder et al 1968).
He aha nā kuahu
Kākoʻo nā ʻāpana kuahu i ke ʻano o nā kumuhana haipule a haku ʻia ia i nā mea kūkulu hale i ʻelua mau ʻāpana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi mua a i ʻole ʻelua i nā ʻāpana nui, hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema i kapa ʻia ʻo Euanelio a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ʻo ka Episetole, ua haku ʻia kēlā me kēia mea o kēia mau ʻāpana: ke kino, nā alanui, nā entrecalles, ka hale ma lalo (predella), base, nā kolamu, ka entabtament, nā kiʻi kālai, ka pena panina, nā pena aila, nā frieze, nā pediment, nā pule, nā papa a me nā pou semi (Herrerías, 1979). ʻO ka ʻāpana mua ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka poʻe kūpaʻa, ka mea i ʻike maoli ʻia a noʻonoʻo ʻia e lākou a mahalo ʻia e nā malihini kipa i kamaʻāina me Colonial Art. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hope ke kākoʻo no nā mea o ka ʻaoʻao mua a haku ʻia i nā pou, andirons, nā kaola, nā mea palaualelo, nā papa, nā papa a me nā ʻūpā e ʻākoakoa pākū ʻia a ākea hoʻi me ke kōkua o nā mea paʻa paʻa a i loko ʻo kekahi mau hihia i nakinaki ʻia me ka twine henequen. Hoʻohui ʻia nā papa a me nā papa i ko lākou mau kihi a i ʻole me nā ʻāpana lilina i hoʻopili ʻia a uhi paʻa ʻia me nā olonā henequen, a hoʻopili ʻia hoʻi.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka National Project for the Fumigation of Museums, Archives a me nā Waihona Puke o ka INAH, i ka makahiki 1984-1994 a ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka fumigation o kekahi mau ʻāpana akua i noi ʻia e nā papa o nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole a me nā kaona i ka Directorate Hoʻihoʻi o ia ʻoihana, a Ma o ke aʻo anatomical o 40 mau laʻana lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia e nā Restorers o ka Polychrome Sculpture Workshop o ka National Coordination no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu no ko lākou ʻike ʻana, ua ʻike ka mea kākau he nui nā kākoʻo i kūkulu ʻia me nā lāʻau coniferous (Pinus, Cupressus, Abies, Juniperus), koe wale nō nā mea mai ka Yucatan Peninsula, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka wahie mai Dicotyledonous Angiosperms (ʻulaʻula cedar: Cedrela odorata L.).
ʻO nā mea ʻino pinepine pinepine
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kua o nā kuahu nui mai ka paia, ʻoiai pili nā collaterals a me nā ʻaoʻao iā ia, e hana nei me kēia kūlana i ka hapa nui o nā hihia ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou ka mālama liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻia ua uhi ʻia me ka lepo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. no nā makahiki he nui a hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā insect xylophagous, e like me nā termite (moth wahie) a me nā anobid i ʻike ʻia he ʻenuhe.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia mau mea ʻai lāʻau e kokoke ana i ka Repubalika Mekiko, akā me ka pinepine a me ka nui ma Mexico City a me nā mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, Campeche, Durango, Coahuila, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo ʻO León, Querétaro a me Zacatecas. Noho nā kau ma nā kaupaku lāʻau o nā kaupaku coffered (kaupaku ʻia me nā kaupaku coffered), kaupaku hale, papahele lāʻau, papa, puka a me nā puka aniani, i nā paia lāʻau a me nā kumu, o nā hale mōʻaukala a me nā wā o kēia wā no ka lehulehu a me ka pilikino. .
ʻO nā kau kau makua a me nā lele e noho wale ana i ka wahie maloʻo wale nō i ka hoʻohana ʻia, no ka ʻohana Kalotermitidae i puka aʻe mai loko mai i nā pō mahana o nā mahina ʻo Mei a me Iune. ʻO nā kauapo a i mau kauā paha o ka wahie e pili mau ana me ka wai ona o ka ʻohana Rhinotermitidae, puka lākou mai ko lākou mau pūnana i lalo i ka lā a me nā lā wela o nā mahina o Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa, ma hope o ka ua nui o ka lōʻihi o ka manawa.
Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana drywood nā ʻano nocturnal a ʻumeʻume ʻia i nā kumuwaiwai māmā. Ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko ʻike ʻia lākou e ka inoa ʻo San Juan a San Juan moth, no ka mea ma Iune 24 o kēlā me kēia makahiki hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou e lele ana i nā pua i ka pō. ʻO nā wā ʻoi loa nā diaries a me ka pō pō a hana pū kekahi i nā nui. I ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela he mea maʻamau ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻōuli o ka lāʻau infestation:
- ʻO nā ʻōiwi lāʻau maloʻo e lele kokoke ana i nā kumu kukui i ka pō.
- Nā ʻōpuʻu o nā anaina, aia i ka lā i nā hola o ka mālamalama o ka lā, ma kahi ākea.
- Ma nā kaupaku o nā hale he mea maʻamau ke lohe i kahi kikina i hana ʻia e ka pulelehua i ka pō ke ʻūlū a nau ʻia ka wahie me nā ʻāʻī ikaika.
- I ke kakahiaka hiki iā ʻoe; e nānā, ma ka papahele a i ʻole ma ka ʻili o nā lako hale, nā puʻu liʻiliʻi o nā granular fongal elongated liʻiliʻi me ʻeono mau auwai a hoʻopau ʻia i ke kala o ka lāʻau.
- Ma ka ʻili o ka lāʻau i hoʻouka ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā puka pōʻai e pili ana i 2 mm ke anawaena e alakaʻi i nā tunnels nui e holo like ana i ka pae a i ʻole ka palaoa o ka wahie, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā olonā.
- Ma loko o nā hale, ma nā paia a ma nā wahi i waena o nā pale o nā puka a me nā puka aniani, ma waena o ka hale a me nā kihi o nā kaola, a ma ka hope o nā kuahu, aia nā paipu liʻiliʻi i kūkulu ʻia e ka nā kauā me ka huikau o ka pālolo, nā lāʻau i wāwahi ʻia a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka waha o ka ʻeneka.
ʻO Woodworms ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he "mayates lako", "mayates dust" a me "ammatsition shoot mayates". ʻO kēia mau insect xylophagous he Coleoptera liʻiliʻi i haku ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻohana e pili ana i nā lako lāʻau, akā ʻo ka mea a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai me ka nui i nā kuahu, ʻo ia nā anobid, ka mea like ka mahele me nā termite, akā ʻike ʻia pū kekahi i nā lako i ka nui, nā kiʻi kālai, ʻo Christs, nā keʻa, nā pale, nā kōkua, nā mea hana lima, nā lāʻau lāʻau mai nā puke hīmeni kahiko, nā mea kani lāʻau a me nā lima a me nā pono hana. Ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ka hōʻino koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā xylophages, aia nā ʻāpana o ka hale konikula mua o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Oaxaca, Puebla (Santo Entierro halepule, ma Cholula), nā kaupaku o nā kaupaku coffered o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pátzcuaro, ʻO Michoacán, a me nā kaupaku lāʻau o nā hale he nui ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, Guerrero a me Michoacán.
ʻO nā wao wahie makua, ʻokoʻa nā uʻi, he mau mīkini lele ikaika a wikiwiki hoʻi. I ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela e puka mai lākou mai ka wahie mai e lele i ka wahine a me ka hoa. I kēia wā he mea maʻamau ke ʻike i nā hōʻike aʻe o ka infestation i ka wahie.
- I nā pō wela, lele nā mea kolo kokoke i nā kumu kukui.
- ʻO nā puʻu liʻiliʻi o ka lepo maikaʻi, ke kala o ka lāʻau i hoʻouka ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke kakahiaka ma ka papahele a i ʻole ka lako hale.
- Ma ka ʻili o ka lāʻau i hoʻouka ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā lua pōʻai me ke anawaena o 1.6 a 3 mm, kahi e kipaku ʻia ai nā hua fecal ʻālohilohi.
- Kūkākūkā nā lua me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi he nui, ʻokoʻa ka termite, i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao āpau i loko o ka wahie.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana kuahu o Mekiko, he mea nui e aʻo i ka biology o kēia mau mea kolo, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio ʻia e nā entomologists, a hoʻokō wikiwiki i kā lākou kaohi ma o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻano o nā hopena: hoʻokahi manawa pōkole a me kahi mālama wale nō. a me nā pale ʻē aʻe a me ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka hana mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ke kuahu ma ke kāpae ʻana i ka maʻi ahulau o nā kolo xylophagous, e nā ʻano hana kino (hoʻololi i nā loli kūloko) a me nā kemika (hoʻohana ʻia o nā fumigants a me nā insecticides kikoʻī). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena pale i ka noi ʻana i nā mea mālama i mea e pale ai i ka wahie mai nā maʻi hiki ʻole, no ka mea e loaʻa mau nā pepeke i ke kaiapuni.
